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modsecurity原本是Apache上的一款开源waf,可以有效的增强web安全性,目前已经支持nginx和IIS,配合nginx的灵活和高效,可以打造成生产级的WAF,是保护和审核web安全的利器。
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一.准备工作% m1 t: k0 X) S$ |7 W t9 s
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系统:centos 6.5 64位、 tengine 2.1.0, modsecurity 2.8.0
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tengine : http://tengine.taobao.org/download/tengine-2.1.0.tar.gz3 p6 m7 K2 y% }0 n9 D9 S
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modsecurity for Nginx: https://www.modsecurity.org/tarball/2.8.0/modsecurity-2.8.0.tar.gz
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OWASP规则集: https://github.com/SpiderLabs/owasp-modsecurity-crs
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6 ?* W% A3 c5 I依赖关系:
, A- [) j5 T, y# y8 F# f* n# Wtengine(nginx)依赖: pcre 、zlib、 openssl, 这三个包centos 6.5 系统源里都有:4 |! Y; ~6 J: [
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yum install zlib zlib-devel openssl openssl-devel pcre pcre-devel
, h% S8 Z* ?) y5 P$ e% ~modsecurty依赖的包:pcre httpd-devel libxml2 apr
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yum install httpd-devel apr apr-util-devel apr-devel pcre pcre-devel libxml2 libxml2-devel0 E5 P" r* [! h% u
二.启用standalone模块并编译
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0 ~) k. q( u9 }3 y1 i0 k下载modsecurity for nginx 解压,进入解压后目录执行:) q1 G5 Y) }3 a: e# [; _0 {
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./autogen.sh
2 Z! F; C1 l9 [./configure --enable-standalone-module --disable-mlogc( q4 c9 p2 E4 Q% O" m
make
$ F0 ]- U7 j9 \7 Y三.nginx添加modsecurity模块" R" o5 J8 h, ]+ d c& H* u$ r3 x5 f5 e
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在编译standalone后,nginx编译时可以通过"--add-module"添加modsecurity模块:# R/ e1 {! H7 B* B
) K% ~4 k! H, i./configure --add-module=/root/modsecurity-2.8.0/nginx/modsecurity/ --prefix=/opt/tengine8 i- | g7 T9 \3 s6 U
make && make install' ]& I" \+ P. [
四.添加规则0 ]# q( b( |, _2 O3 x2 H% u" z5 T
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modsecurity倾向于过滤和阻止web危险,之所以强大就在于规则,OWASP提供的规则是于社区志愿者维护的,被称为核心规则CRS(corerules),规则可靠强大,当然也可以自定义规则来满足各种需求。& b' P! s- p9 i$ r
' m4 [# | T1 G# p: ~3 p( \1.下载OWASP规则:; I/ u( F& e" l
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git clone https://github.com/SpiderLabs/owasp-modsecurity-crs# Z" d; N) [$ R2 o. p
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mv owasp-modsecurity-crs /opt/tengine/conf/6 j5 P' S; w( V
& P- k" [% o" W9 }. w! V; ~cd /opt/tengine/conf/owasp-modsecurity-crs && mv modsecurity_crs_10_setup.conf.example modsecurity_crs_10_setup.conf
- [7 ^+ Z- A0 i2.启用OWASP规则:, l2 H% b2 A* Z
0 X2 U- x) O9 V5 F复制modsecurity源码目录下的modsecurity.conf-recommended和unicode.mapping到nginx的conf目录下,并将modsecurity.conf-recommended重新命名为modsecurity.conf。* K* O. W. ` r4 e
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编辑modsecurity.conf 文件,将SecRuleEngine设置为 on
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( W+ H, H4 ]! s) J' gowasp-modsecurity-crs下有很多存放规则的文件夹,例如base_rules、experimental_rules、optional_rules、slr_rules,里面的规则按需要启用,需要启用的规则使用Include进来即可。
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8 |, M" K, `2 \4 k$ fInclude owasp-modsecurity-crs/modsecurity_crs_10_setup.conf$ b, c" G& {$ `3 d8 V
Include owasp-modsecurity-crs/base_rules/modsecurity_crs_41_sql_injection_attacks.conf
/ Q) T2 }. k8 H4 GInclude owasp-modsecurity-crs/base_rules/modsecurity_crs_41_xss_attacks.conf
$ ~6 E' }0 l* wInclude owasp-modsecurity-crs/base_rules/modsecurity_crs_40_generic_attacks.conf
( L. r4 G, @7 A: e/ }Include owasp-modsecurity-crs/experimental_rules/modsecurity_crs_11_dos_protection.conf( a% ]4 h* j9 I/ [0 q; A8 v
Include owasp-modsecurity-crs/experimental_rules/modsecurity_crs_11_brute_force.conf
5 Y( g6 ~0 l) V$ e. j# `Include owasp-modsecurity-crs/optional_rules/modsecurity_crs_16_session_hijacking.conf( p7 F; U7 G( V# [) g
五.配置nginx
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在需要启用modsecurity的主机的location下面加入下面两行即可:, n$ d+ `+ G6 R# m
) @8 U% r, T) ~; G' l4 T# iModSecurityEnabled on;
0 K( [# ]& t) l E" U! _% M# A; ZModSecurityConfig modsecurity.conf;
5 N$ w. N1 ?& h" K, ~9 F. k下面是两个示例配置,php虚拟主机:1 d z4 v' q# Y- E
" A# Q l" m; x1 B# Q% cserver {
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server_name 52os.net www.52os.net;
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location ~ \.php$ {
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- N! S l6 u9 D, c ModSecurityConfig modsecurity.conf;
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root /web/wordpress;
/ c, W9 ^: r( a2 _/ {$ i index index.php index.html index.htm;& I4 A- \3 ^) {8 s5 b0 E4 i
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fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;4 `- B4 o* T+ `! @# |! I$ \7 f% y( T
fastcgi_index index.php;
5 [# O: c. z/ a% X( k) r% v fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $Document_root$fastcgi_script_name;; J' z6 Z) |. w- N
include fastcgi_params;
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upstream负载均衡:' {/ `6 ~$ |& c$ E9 J
$ m9 p* g) c9 b9 m8 q; b: e4 |! B( \upstream 52os.net {7 U) p( P' E9 j3 T6 q0 x
server 192.168.1.100:8080;/ K$ B; Z: \, E: y. C* y" V9 i: @" O! N* P
server 192.168.1.101:8080 backup;
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server {6 `) n+ `8 b1 D x* r+ N
listen 80;- ^+ J0 g9 o7 @2 M8 ?" K" I
server_name 52os.net www.52os.net;! F7 s* n' `9 \
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location / {
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ModSecurityConfig modsecurity.conf; ; z% Y- S6 V2 x8 Y9 }7 a
$ q0 m2 t; P, |3 y) E proxy_pass http://online; N( B3 i( G/ p T) O2 }
proxy_redirect off;, E+ ?6 M9 S8 _, U1 i' [
proxy_set_header Host $host;
% Y/ @" p) B0 T- h* @' e } proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;+ o3 a% T% c& s% W
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
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}
; B9 W" A4 Q" v6 L6 ?六.测试
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1 q! C& G! B) l" U我们启用了xss和sql注入的过滤,不正常的请求会直接返回403。以php环境为例,新建一个phpinfo.php内容为:
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phpinfo(); & {2 V" x" s) ]6 _* k$ Z" u3 w" }
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在浏览器中访问:! i Q8 w. ^! J$ N* a
: |5 g! }; x' ?' chttp://www.52os.net/phpinfo.php?id=1 正常显示。
- _+ U! |) G! ^- ~http://www.52os.net/phpinfo.php?id=1 and 1=1 返回403。
: P( s6 w! W3 G' \- i& V! W/ fhttp://www.52os.net/phpinfo.php?search=<scritp>alert('xss');</script> 返回403。6 E8 U* `# I3 Z& r) y2 W
说明sql注入和xss已经被过滤了+ Q1 g1 A+ ~3 R$ |* u
8 ~" M* `2 N7 s/ {/ ^七、安装过程中排错
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0 @; Y( u* z' E r0 P" K4 {8 K1.缺少APXS会报错+ W7 b+ `3 ?3 B% E
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configure: looking for Apache module support via DSO through APXS
) A/ j8 c' T7 g2 D" M* N: a1 Pconfigure: error: couldn't find APXS, `8 T4 P: n' q" M# P6 M4 Y
apxs是一个为Apache HTTP服务器编译和安装扩展模块的工具,用于编译一个或多个源程序或目标代码文件为动态共享对象。. [' H" E o6 u- P
解决方法:* i0 u) A6 t4 K y3 H
2 p0 u3 V9 Q: W7 D+ Yyum install httpd-devel
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configure: *** pcre library not found.& ?3 q% O! }% j% `; f) u
configure: error: pcre library is required
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2 I* _6 d8 A: h2 W( l; i, f5 lyum install pcre pcre-devel
9 W- ?' u Q G: c. u3.没有libxml2
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configure: *** xml library not found.0 Y% o* K2 O7 x3 m
configure: error: libxml2 is required' J1 P3 w4 L# f2 N; e# w }
解决方法:
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yum install libxml2 libxml2-devel
D9 T6 v: r; q; n o1 {& A2 Y5 S4.执行 /opt/tengine/sbin/nginx -m 时有警告. w+ N: l$ F2 J( G0 P2 d
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Tengine version: Tengine/2.1.0 (nginx/1.6.2)( i! R# }; f# j" \3 ^. ]! R
nginx: [warn] ModSecurity: Loaded APR do not match with compiled!
% s% E: y/ `" C9 i& x- k( c原因:modsecurity编译时和加载时的apr版本不一致造成的,并且会有以下error.log/ ^, D8 g, v( @" o$ C
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2015/01/26 02:04:18 [notice] 29036#0: ModSecurity for nginx (STABLE)/2.8.0 () configured.
7 G2 _6 F6 A( }" I2015/01/26 02:04:18 [notice] 29036#0: ModSecurity: APR compiled version="1.5.0"; loaded version="1.3.9"
( z; C, g- }! A" Z7 N& W2015/01/26 02:04:18 [warn] 29036#0: ModSecurity: Loaded APR do not match with compiled!( P& \1 N( g+ F3 V
2015/01/26 02:04:18 [notice] 29036#0: ModSecurity: PCRE compiled version="7.8 "; loaded version="7.8 2008-09-05"
7 ]0 ~' v3 ]: X/ g2 C# k, N( Y- S2015/01/26 02:04:18 [notice] 29036#0: ModSecurity: LIBXML compiled version="2.7.6"4 A; s7 F2 u, v8 A
2015/01/26 02:04:18 [notice] 29036#0: Status engine is currently disabled, enable it by set SecStatusEngine to On.
, U$ C) J5 W0 [6 K% S解决方法,移除低版本的APR (1.3.9)
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yum remove apr0 Z( [, S+ u1 j+ s
5.Error.log中有: Audit log: Failed to lock global mutex
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2015/01/26 04:15:42 [error] 61610#0: [client 10.11.15.161] ModSecurity: Audit log: Failed to lock
9 Z% U$ b* q+ g' g. j8 Vglobal mutex: Permission denied [hostname ""] [uri "/i.php"] [unique_id "AcAcAcAcAcAcAcA4DcA7AcAc"]/ |7 x7 k2 k9 f& e% a- C' O
解决方法:
1 B5 A% s3 N4 V$ W5 S编辑modsecurity.conf,注释掉默认的SecAuditLogType和SecAuditLog,添加以下内容:& q. O4 k5 E1 C0 @
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SecAuditLogDirMode 0777- s3 p8 X- E2 c/ J9 C
SecAuditLogFileMode 0550) |& w7 U0 u/ y. k( f5 y0 h
SecAuditLogStorageDir /var/log/modsecurity
# _7 i6 |3 R! FSecAuditLogType Concurrent5 S# L: m' ] T( v
参考文章: O! T: d5 w, ~ {( a. A u: \
https://github.com/SpiderLabs/ModSecurity/wiki/Reference-Manual#Installation_for_NGINX
3 {# S. y! s! a. Z7 ?http://drops.wooyun.org/tips/2614 |
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