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modsecurity原本是Apache上的一款开源waf,可以有效的增强web安全性,目前已经支持nginx和IIS,配合nginx的灵活和高效,可以打造成生产级的WAF,是保护和审核web安全的利器。
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! |4 p9 ]" |1 _+ \8 O一.准备工作
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7 `! j8 c; |3 C3 V. A2 m# _系统:centos 6.5 64位、 tengine 2.1.0, modsecurity 2.8.0 b5 m4 Q3 q* u: H
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tengine : http://tengine.taobao.org/download/tengine-2.1.0.tar.gz3 {" k' g8 o" f
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modsecurity for Nginx: https://www.modsecurity.org/tarball/2.8.0/modsecurity-2.8.0.tar.gz
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OWASP规则集: https://github.com/SpiderLabs/owasp-modsecurity-crs0 b* F- P) C* @: P& F9 y8 O
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依赖关系:
+ H+ B0 {) c! |; a9 P3 Q7 utengine(nginx)依赖: pcre 、zlib、 openssl, 这三个包centos 6.5 系统源里都有:
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yum install zlib zlib-devel openssl openssl-devel pcre pcre-devel/ t1 b2 b# ]" M9 ~* e+ K
modsecurty依赖的包:pcre httpd-devel libxml2 apr
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yum install httpd-devel apr apr-util-devel apr-devel pcre pcre-devel libxml2 libxml2-devel0 a: G. s" A* A: B j0 I
二.启用standalone模块并编译
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下载modsecurity for nginx 解压,进入解压后目录执行:
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./autogen.sh
8 N( C% H: L5 r./configure --enable-standalone-module --disable-mlogc; b( K8 w- o1 k
make ) @7 H. V9 [( P1 Y
三.nginx添加modsecurity模块: {" {5 y+ J1 g2 f
i c: @. y1 v# p% q2 x& q在编译standalone后,nginx编译时可以通过"--add-module"添加modsecurity模块:' V: g; f( Z6 M. {
7 o$ R# W$ b: a5 H; V./configure --add-module=/root/modsecurity-2.8.0/nginx/modsecurity/ --prefix=/opt/tengine! n; r: s% s5 g2 W4 L4 ~5 F
make && make install8 Q4 V4 I9 h1 d4 m4 l1 C3 `
四.添加规则
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2 ]* ^' N4 @5 n6 U3 Y& A0 ]# nmodsecurity倾向于过滤和阻止web危险,之所以强大就在于规则,OWASP提供的规则是于社区志愿者维护的,被称为核心规则CRS(corerules),规则可靠强大,当然也可以自定义规则来满足各种需求。1 {* U- E2 b9 b7 m- y) o
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1.下载OWASP规则:0 R& x/ v* f7 h x9 i
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git clone https://github.com/SpiderLabs/owasp-modsecurity-crs5 A( P# K8 I- _( F' Z* p
3 m. e% g' S3 L/ u' d tmv owasp-modsecurity-crs /opt/tengine/conf/
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cd /opt/tengine/conf/owasp-modsecurity-crs && mv modsecurity_crs_10_setup.conf.example modsecurity_crs_10_setup.conf. j. e8 f) [' x# E g
2.启用OWASP规则:
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复制modsecurity源码目录下的modsecurity.conf-recommended和unicode.mapping到nginx的conf目录下,并将modsecurity.conf-recommended重新命名为modsecurity.conf。
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编辑modsecurity.conf 文件,将SecRuleEngine设置为 on6 ` S; L9 x6 q/ g) p
6 `" M% R- o1 N! J! M2 uowasp-modsecurity-crs下有很多存放规则的文件夹,例如base_rules、experimental_rules、optional_rules、slr_rules,里面的规则按需要启用,需要启用的规则使用Include进来即可。
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% J# S5 h7 o# N$ ^8 g- f) gInclude owasp-modsecurity-crs/modsecurity_crs_10_setup.conf
7 }0 Y$ G6 H; y p( }7 n! eInclude owasp-modsecurity-crs/base_rules/modsecurity_crs_41_sql_injection_attacks.conf
! ^* g$ V: b% L9 Z& q, Z8 c% CInclude owasp-modsecurity-crs/base_rules/modsecurity_crs_41_xss_attacks.conf$ P" t& B1 ~( N" H' C
Include owasp-modsecurity-crs/base_rules/modsecurity_crs_40_generic_attacks.conf
4 {( i& q1 K9 t* v* sInclude owasp-modsecurity-crs/experimental_rules/modsecurity_crs_11_dos_protection.conf
5 S7 a9 e) ~& qInclude owasp-modsecurity-crs/experimental_rules/modsecurity_crs_11_brute_force.conf
2 a# |6 T( Y2 j& g; O8 b4 wInclude owasp-modsecurity-crs/optional_rules/modsecurity_crs_16_session_hijacking.conf
' m5 ~ d" r* v- z+ c( B五.配置nginx5 J( i# A. x+ A* @+ { S6 x6 ^
" g2 ~& D5 e, A8 j在需要启用modsecurity的主机的location下面加入下面两行即可:
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' I, I- X* W4 D. z6 LModSecurityEnabled on;
* U% C- J& e YModSecurityConfig modsecurity.conf;/ v6 @7 k3 d0 R# N& [$ q: g) X
下面是两个示例配置,php虚拟主机:! ^- m. n' X7 c2 x! ^
' k4 c7 N' G; `3 Qserver {
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1 {0 M/ h) w% a1 U$ a5 n6 P) `( | server_name 52os.net www.52os.net;6 _ E" V; p; I3 l* @* q* o
8 q; R) C* }8 G/ C; j location ~ \.php$ {
5 b$ Z. u. K2 o! r4 n ModSecurityEnabled on; / J3 [9 a9 u; P2 N
ModSecurityConfig modsecurity.conf;# M c ^: x; b. }' `( l7 D) e
# Q' \ g6 `# h7 ^9 H, s: {$ U root /web/wordpress;
+ G8 c* Z3 q; u5 X- X) X | index index.php index.html index.htm;; t5 z3 S6 a* y) _
! U# Z/ n7 W$ f' D9 | fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
/ u6 v9 t2 _5 O( V% g fastcgi_index index.php;! r2 f+ Y6 ~) V+ T
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $Document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
/ ~# p% n9 O# l5 T. ^% z include fastcgi_params;) S! e, R' n( |. T: K
}
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upstream负载均衡: l3 q+ p6 I) A+ l9 e
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upstream 52os.net {2 s7 g0 W7 E" l
server 192.168.1.100:8080;- i+ r, J3 K( n2 t
server 192.168.1.101:8080 backup;
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server {
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server_name 52os.net www.52os.net;/ \ Y3 {, \+ \" J# W
$ L" b7 d i. \ B9 Ulocation / {4 i! f* x3 }; J& Q7 {( a# U
ModSecurityEnabled on; 1 |; W0 a4 D, R1 M) l3 Q
ModSecurityConfig modsecurity.conf;
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proxy_pass http://online;* n& O, O$ d8 f+ O2 ]
proxy_redirect off;6 P8 G/ r5 e& Y, X3 H
proxy_set_header Host $host;
8 E+ i/ l/ i2 H4 C1 h$ G( H proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
0 G" T1 D8 G( X0 v8 S proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
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( x" a5 o" c( i) }8 F/ o六.测试
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5 Y. ]' l6 Y6 \我们启用了xss和sql注入的过滤,不正常的请求会直接返回403。以php环境为例,新建一个phpinfo.php内容为:9 G) z! I# p. T! u
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<?php, p% O1 F' M6 L/ I2 U
phpinfo();
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9 J3 n q3 ^1 c% K$ c在浏览器中访问: l4 m9 C, n1 W/ H% S( Y
" W) H3 n( O+ Qhttp://www.52os.net/phpinfo.php?id=1 正常显示。
$ C1 H/ @# e: K, o' I8 Nhttp://www.52os.net/phpinfo.php?id=1 and 1=1 返回403。/ r" X4 m3 F y5 x
http://www.52os.net/phpinfo.php?search=<scritp>alert('xss');</script> 返回403。$ e5 y! F$ x" a9 V" V; w
说明sql注入和xss已经被过滤了
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七、安装过程中排错
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1.缺少APXS会报错/ E' Q9 x# o. r* n& W
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configure: looking for Apache module support via DSO through APXS) O* R s6 R: m8 ?9 \8 n8 C2 R
configure: error: couldn't find APXS
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解决方法:/ {' z2 y r4 O
8 V6 }. k. g9 Y& b- x8 X0 ^yum install httpd-devel
/ x! ]- k6 K2 o7 u* Y2.没有pcre- I3 r5 @3 z/ ?: t' f6 x
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configure: *** pcre library not found.
5 y$ G" t0 N" T& e/ Uconfigure: error: pcre library is required
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yum install pcre pcre-devel
- H" W0 A1 W& Y3.没有libxml2
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configure: *** xml library not found.
0 W- k/ |3 J% T2 G/ ^9 z9 xconfigure: error: libxml2 is required& @$ t4 v8 v* [% j8 _
解决方法:
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* U" p J- w8 _5 t2 Xyum install libxml2 libxml2-devel
V/ C- i( [. n4.执行 /opt/tengine/sbin/nginx -m 时有警告
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9 D$ e: F- ?3 u6 X$ A4 w) ZTengine version: Tengine/2.1.0 (nginx/1.6.2)$ f9 H3 {6 m# h
nginx: [warn] ModSecurity: Loaded APR do not match with compiled!) y9 y/ Y0 E+ {/ F- S1 T- S
原因:modsecurity编译时和加载时的apr版本不一致造成的,并且会有以下error.log
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2015/01/26 02:04:18 [notice] 29036#0: ModSecurity for nginx (STABLE)/2.8.0 () configured.
# `$ ^( J9 G B& B; q+ a, I, }* }2015/01/26 02:04:18 [notice] 29036#0: ModSecurity: APR compiled version="1.5.0"; loaded version="1.3.9"
* u* C& P' H/ A- W. O2015/01/26 02:04:18 [warn] 29036#0: ModSecurity: Loaded APR do not match with compiled!; v5 \: E: G, w: f5 u/ d
2015/01/26 02:04:18 [notice] 29036#0: ModSecurity: PCRE compiled version="7.8 "; loaded version="7.8 2008-09-05"
5 a/ {$ e# @" \- q$ H2015/01/26 02:04:18 [notice] 29036#0: ModSecurity: LIBXML compiled version="2.7.6"
% v2 b* Y9 J4 z, g T4 F, F3 Y2015/01/26 02:04:18 [notice] 29036#0: Status engine is currently disabled, enable it by set SecStatusEngine to On.
, n) n3 X1 M1 P. Q- x F解决方法,移除低版本的APR (1.3.9)9 G+ \, X$ J) x
/ _) |1 a0 P/ N* kyum remove apr
\: D; l3 ^ o5.Error.log中有: Audit log: Failed to lock global mutex' J! U* n4 s% j* |
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2015/01/26 04:15:42 [error] 61610#0: [client 10.11.15.161] ModSecurity: Audit log: Failed to lock
6 ]( Y. t/ D' V5 Cglobal mutex: Permission denied [hostname ""] [uri "/i.php"] [unique_id "AcAcAcAcAcAcAcA4DcA7AcAc"]
5 M* C0 ~" r' ^7 {7 m1 Q6 P: ?8 J+ ?解决方法:9 T2 _% `6 a& a8 o' o2 @6 z
编辑modsecurity.conf,注释掉默认的SecAuditLogType和SecAuditLog,添加以下内容:# ^, [6 y& y N; H
+ k- j- i% y9 LSecAuditLogDirMode 0777* }* }" ^$ g! S; j* W
SecAuditLogFileMode 0550
8 [; G) \/ Q* A9 n# X/ L. |SecAuditLogStorageDir /var/log/modsecurity
! t2 _: W% v1 M: T7 o" E4 sSecAuditLogType Concurrent
. F7 }/ Q- x/ U, ~ @参考文章:" O+ e, ~5 ]* D- O- C) }: u' p/ x- j
https://github.com/SpiderLabs/ModSecurity/wiki/Reference-Manual#Installation_for_NGINX: u+ ^6 {. }2 f9 O1 b2 l& E) X1 Q
http://drops.wooyun.org/tips/2614 |
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