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modsecurity原本是Apache上的一款开源waf,可以有效的增强web安全性,目前已经支持nginx和IIS,配合nginx的灵活和高效,可以打造成生产级的WAF,是保护和审核web安全的利器。
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; R! T7 a3 o I5 G; {- j/ A- r一.准备工作
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! ~( a2 h9 q& Y# Q, j. }! Q系统:centos 6.5 64位、 tengine 2.1.0, modsecurity 2.8.0
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6 U" q6 y' n; d# T, O6 ~tengine : http://tengine.taobao.org/download/tengine-2.1.0.tar.gz
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modsecurity for Nginx: https://www.modsecurity.org/tarball/2.8.0/modsecurity-2.8.0.tar.gz) X- b+ g. Q% }& q
& O4 O4 j8 P4 j, L2 c: DOWASP规则集: https://github.com/SpiderLabs/owasp-modsecurity-crs
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+ Y3 B1 p, x: ?0 y' e+ P依赖关系:0 h5 ], S4 P- n3 M/ ^4 @3 T( T
tengine(nginx)依赖: pcre 、zlib、 openssl, 这三个包centos 6.5 系统源里都有:# L8 z- q$ S- c$ h. f
7 S% m) m- {6 f/ v2 P7 o2 fyum install zlib zlib-devel openssl openssl-devel pcre pcre-devel3 ]; q* z1 E {* P! I$ ?
modsecurty依赖的包:pcre httpd-devel libxml2 apr- I$ Y: V0 g. N
% D" b0 ?( g3 i- byum install httpd-devel apr apr-util-devel apr-devel pcre pcre-devel libxml2 libxml2-devel
' K$ t% ^, f: t$ y1 I: @# d二.启用standalone模块并编译
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下载modsecurity for nginx 解压,进入解压后目录执行:* e- U. R U o0 y! W: D6 J
8 Z) M8 c2 i" m9 _./autogen.sh
( L3 t6 @$ h9 x7 W. X./configure --enable-standalone-module --disable-mlogc
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三.nginx添加modsecurity模块3 B- E* T1 U! g& {" Z+ h
8 H" ]& j4 V: Y2 D7 Y3 i在编译standalone后,nginx编译时可以通过"--add-module"添加modsecurity模块:
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./configure --add-module=/root/modsecurity-2.8.0/nginx/modsecurity/ --prefix=/opt/tengine
( M0 U s' I8 @) u& B* gmake && make install
) \# ~. ~6 o- S, `四.添加规则
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modsecurity倾向于过滤和阻止web危险,之所以强大就在于规则,OWASP提供的规则是于社区志愿者维护的,被称为核心规则CRS(corerules),规则可靠强大,当然也可以自定义规则来满足各种需求。# L. e9 h ]3 l! [
# {/ U+ ~6 P) B3 S1 g1.下载OWASP规则:0 y( b% Q% k& E& l: D
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git clone https://github.com/SpiderLabs/owasp-modsecurity-crs
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. D# W7 c# r4 t9 b, imv owasp-modsecurity-crs /opt/tengine/conf/& M$ r+ ]! U. y8 N- b
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cd /opt/tengine/conf/owasp-modsecurity-crs && mv modsecurity_crs_10_setup.conf.example modsecurity_crs_10_setup.conf$ Y. W Z( \9 ~( L
2.启用OWASP规则:
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8 m* E: B L9 E5 T) ^# D1 C复制modsecurity源码目录下的modsecurity.conf-recommended和unicode.mapping到nginx的conf目录下,并将modsecurity.conf-recommended重新命名为modsecurity.conf。
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& _% J, P$ Z3 V- Y! s7 _/ l编辑modsecurity.conf 文件,将SecRuleEngine设置为 on
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2 i9 }5 P0 _& z3 Mowasp-modsecurity-crs下有很多存放规则的文件夹,例如base_rules、experimental_rules、optional_rules、slr_rules,里面的规则按需要启用,需要启用的规则使用Include进来即可。- G5 s: Q+ f3 q$ q( I" Z2 {
1 `0 Y% O' w& [6 k' J6 x% F- ~' F# fInclude owasp-modsecurity-crs/modsecurity_crs_10_setup.conf
" h% Y, d9 j* V* [1 W$ IInclude owasp-modsecurity-crs/base_rules/modsecurity_crs_41_sql_injection_attacks.conf- `7 p# r+ v5 n3 x
Include owasp-modsecurity-crs/base_rules/modsecurity_crs_41_xss_attacks.conf1 o/ u4 v) g Q, q1 u9 Z
Include owasp-modsecurity-crs/base_rules/modsecurity_crs_40_generic_attacks.conf
0 n7 ]4 t, D2 U6 S. V$ AInclude owasp-modsecurity-crs/experimental_rules/modsecurity_crs_11_dos_protection.conf
0 ?) r$ ^ n" K* C6 L) c) }Include owasp-modsecurity-crs/experimental_rules/modsecurity_crs_11_brute_force.conf) e. @5 C/ w: r7 ^) W' ~3 H
Include owasp-modsecurity-crs/optional_rules/modsecurity_crs_16_session_hijacking.conf& F: [+ s5 Y9 g5 z8 O
五.配置nginx% Y; t! e4 q% e6 z% R
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在需要启用modsecurity的主机的location下面加入下面两行即可:
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0 ?" W! t/ I2 M3 H# gModSecurityEnabled on; 2 N. d3 F( s# C
ModSecurityConfig modsecurity.conf;2 ~: \( J+ M! b7 }4 l& l- \
下面是两个示例配置,php虚拟主机:% [6 \( S. }2 J. L! `, x
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server {( y0 v6 r/ z& K* u' O3 [' T+ X
listen 80;
& M* {9 ]" J) r; {* [ server_name 52os.net www.52os.net;
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, B7 C& t* u; ~) R+ d5 N location ~ \.php$ {" D, o3 d2 X3 F. i, n3 e; j
ModSecurityEnabled on;
% Y7 i$ v0 O1 o) m+ u ModSecurityConfig modsecurity.conf;
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$ i' K! Y4 ^2 r4 F6 I root /web/wordpress;8 ^5 N0 q f& L2 K. i5 e" I
index index.php index.html index.htm;
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fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;* R, _1 I# G/ _/ y+ |
fastcgi_index index.php;7 f2 F: J D. u" e- i
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $Document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
" M( e, {- N ^& ~. k w include fastcgi_params;+ l. k) H9 i3 H6 O- J2 G1 ]( }
}
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upstream负载均衡:) r/ b8 {3 y( i# b4 c
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upstream 52os.net {
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server 192.168.1.101:8080 backup;
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server {5 [% A _" h5 H2 m7 E; e
listen 80;
7 @, A' I) t0 z2 U" [server_name 52os.net www.52os.net;
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location / {
8 \" Q G1 }# e, r8 g! T ModSecurityEnabled on;
A2 n* O* M" Z. K0 F ModSecurityConfig modsecurity.conf; * c) K" T$ ?. w/ s, k% A! a" J
* u9 X8 V: V- m7 p# } proxy_pass http://online;5 P: @1 R) c8 F8 ^+ E
proxy_redirect off;$ d& p3 B* H9 u+ M7 h' i
proxy_set_header Host $host;' e1 r$ o8 q- _# t* y5 K- x
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
9 M! a3 f$ q# |( p/ w: a& a: \ proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;8 T7 d! k2 s. t6 X8 `4 r
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六.测试! l2 y( y7 q' @& t" |% M* _
+ L# S- C: v/ y) s$ F! _5 x! w D/ N) e我们启用了xss和sql注入的过滤,不正常的请求会直接返回403。以php环境为例,新建一个phpinfo.php内容为:
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% B+ u0 p1 y2 ?: E& K7 A<?php
, A3 X3 P1 g( L$ |2 j( T; H& u phpinfo(); & S; Y, T0 @7 T7 V3 |2 p
?>/ Q" A: c& y+ d* B7 x- }
在浏览器中访问:
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% x6 l) x$ y; H9 }5 Y0 Fhttp://www.52os.net/phpinfo.php?id=1 正常显示。: S/ j% V7 V/ i6 e
http://www.52os.net/phpinfo.php?id=1 and 1=1 返回403。0 m9 e! A$ V+ {; i' z
http://www.52os.net/phpinfo.php?search=<scritp>alert('xss');</script> 返回403。 v7 I! l6 T2 \
说明sql注入和xss已经被过滤了8 L9 ~ r! _- z) F9 X" i6 T1 F
% o5 m2 M* @" N! ^七、安装过程中排错
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$ b* C8 k' ?; i- [" `. a& V" |1.缺少APXS会报错; D+ |; ^6 |6 P9 H+ F
7 v6 k8 Y4 P" b) q1 d0 t) uconfigure: looking for Apache module support via DSO through APXS
: h8 x5 i# m/ t3 j" d" cconfigure: error: couldn't find APXS
: l3 K; f6 n5 @1 N8 e; Bapxs是一个为Apache HTTP服务器编译和安装扩展模块的工具,用于编译一个或多个源程序或目标代码文件为动态共享对象。
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3 X0 a+ Q8 r, K f- M( ]yum install httpd-devel
( @& h! ]( `, ?1 h1 h3 O2.没有pcre
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configure: *** pcre library not found.; J. Z/ L/ w, G
configure: error: pcre library is required. r' j- y$ E- K, b/ M; u5 Y, g
解决方法: K; \3 `3 J0 Q- I
) A9 v% m: Z- k2 @6 Nyum install pcre pcre-devel% }9 \" C3 v' y' e! N: A4 G
3.没有libxml2% ~' t3 v5 T0 G2 i- Q+ x
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/ G2 p/ `5 j( q$ tconfigure: *** xml library not found.
" E" w5 K+ h1 M+ @! Y7 pconfigure: error: libxml2 is required. E: N3 A1 V5 \0 \# I+ `
解决方法:' H9 g5 {& u/ |7 C7 M7 T+ O* h
' c2 l/ H. ?8 B, K( ^( dyum install libxml2 libxml2-devel/ P4 x8 N! Z& m) [( G
4.执行 /opt/tengine/sbin/nginx -m 时有警告
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Tengine version: Tengine/2.1.0 (nginx/1.6.2)$ A0 V0 |% n/ L6 W
nginx: [warn] ModSecurity: Loaded APR do not match with compiled!
# q6 }9 Y. K; x原因:modsecurity编译时和加载时的apr版本不一致造成的,并且会有以下error.log
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, }, W# f" G4 q0 k. ~1 p- J2015/01/26 02:04:18 [notice] 29036#0: ModSecurity for nginx (STABLE)/2.8.0 () configured.
: ?& f+ ?0 F. ?& x9 ?2015/01/26 02:04:18 [notice] 29036#0: ModSecurity: APR compiled version="1.5.0"; loaded version="1.3.9"2 A5 N, k( u, e& O5 x! T- e' z! a
2015/01/26 02:04:18 [warn] 29036#0: ModSecurity: Loaded APR do not match with compiled!
* X: j8 V+ E; d& y+ W2015/01/26 02:04:18 [notice] 29036#0: ModSecurity: PCRE compiled version="7.8 "; loaded version="7.8 2008-09-05"
1 ^4 T3 U4 ^3 T) D% ]5 w; O% X) j2015/01/26 02:04:18 [notice] 29036#0: ModSecurity: LIBXML compiled version="2.7.6"
5 N/ E% S0 Y1 ?7 Z' u0 X2015/01/26 02:04:18 [notice] 29036#0: Status engine is currently disabled, enable it by set SecStatusEngine to On.9 K" n) R7 R) f
解决方法,移除低版本的APR (1.3.9)5 m' l5 B0 L0 J/ ` T
( H" x- \! T" d3 \0 {5 V; gyum remove apr
( G7 ?7 K& `7 }2 X) u' T3 A( X7 G. N5.Error.log中有: Audit log: Failed to lock global mutex
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' ^% [& S5 y. ~2015/01/26 04:15:42 [error] 61610#0: [client 10.11.15.161] ModSecurity: Audit log: Failed to lock
6 d+ r$ D3 B7 N# X( eglobal mutex: Permission denied [hostname ""] [uri "/i.php"] [unique_id "AcAcAcAcAcAcAcA4DcA7AcAc"]9 @9 t, a9 U1 `) d
解决方法:. f9 ]3 s+ \. y3 h
编辑modsecurity.conf,注释掉默认的SecAuditLogType和SecAuditLog,添加以下内容:
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SecAuditLogDirMode 0777/ u3 E. C% [2 f) b1 A& e
SecAuditLogFileMode 0550- J: {; T' A/ q1 o" _5 @
SecAuditLogStorageDir /var/log/modsecurity
( J) J' b( h" \$ l d# gSecAuditLogType Concurrent7 z, n H. r* Z! u& Y7 \# ~7 A, R
参考文章:1 H k) e% B1 o7 M6 E- k- ]
https://github.com/SpiderLabs/ModSecurity/wiki/Reference-Manual#Installation_for_NGINX9 P. @ D7 q1 E: d. ~) T4 ^ p1 |6 C2 T
http://drops.wooyun.org/tips/2614 |
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