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modsecurity原本是Apache上的一款开源waf,可以有效的增强web安全性,目前已经支持nginx和IIS,配合nginx的灵活和高效,可以打造成生产级的WAF,是保护和审核web安全的利器。
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/ H, ~# Y1 `% F. v* {+ E$ x一.准备工作
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& |0 k0 [* x6 }% J5 N系统:centos 6.5 64位、 tengine 2.1.0, modsecurity 2.8.0& x) @, S6 a. f$ ^2 G0 R1 T
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tengine : http://tengine.taobao.org/download/tengine-2.1.0.tar.gz
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6 X& n3 X8 O/ O7 H2 z2 I, smodsecurity for Nginx: https://www.modsecurity.org/tarball/2.8.0/modsecurity-2.8.0.tar.gz: B0 \/ q$ }2 C% V) t. j# {0 y7 Y( Q
0 T4 S/ \ ?9 S2 bOWASP规则集: https://github.com/SpiderLabs/owasp-modsecurity-crs6 I' @7 k; i1 `6 Q( U
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依赖关系:7 x# ^# \4 D* h! b+ N8 d
tengine(nginx)依赖: pcre 、zlib、 openssl, 这三个包centos 6.5 系统源里都有:
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! n! @' t- ?+ }yum install zlib zlib-devel openssl openssl-devel pcre pcre-devel" e2 j* R+ G& ] P' J$ L+ P2 D
modsecurty依赖的包:pcre httpd-devel libxml2 apr
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, u$ B: S. H/ b$ B5 F# |yum install httpd-devel apr apr-util-devel apr-devel pcre pcre-devel libxml2 libxml2-devel
, [4 @' S- A) K7 U r二.启用standalone模块并编译
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x+ W) V3 `' V3 _下载modsecurity for nginx 解压,进入解压后目录执行:1 M, o8 A4 L7 p% ~ t
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./autogen.sh
/ n( ^& d8 |) y s./configure --enable-standalone-module --disable-mlogc" O* d7 H4 |, l
make
, m! V$ \& Y; F) z) m三.nginx添加modsecurity模块" B5 ]6 ^" j- @7 ?; M' I
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在编译standalone后,nginx编译时可以通过"--add-module"添加modsecurity模块:
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- \% y! b' u8 z) e w./configure --add-module=/root/modsecurity-2.8.0/nginx/modsecurity/ --prefix=/opt/tengine
* S6 w4 M5 k- N0 R+ R5 jmake && make install: D+ M& T+ x9 F9 H, Q& [3 Y
四.添加规则* v( h2 s6 C: W9 D1 b
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modsecurity倾向于过滤和阻止web危险,之所以强大就在于规则,OWASP提供的规则是于社区志愿者维护的,被称为核心规则CRS(corerules),规则可靠强大,当然也可以自定义规则来满足各种需求。
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/ x/ g ^0 a" z7 |1.下载OWASP规则:
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git clone https://github.com/SpiderLabs/owasp-modsecurity-crs/ T7 i. Q5 z" q, v2 Z
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mv owasp-modsecurity-crs /opt/tengine/conf/
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cd /opt/tengine/conf/owasp-modsecurity-crs && mv modsecurity_crs_10_setup.conf.example modsecurity_crs_10_setup.conf ~/ E5 ~' f9 ]- p# s+ b) A
2.启用OWASP规则:
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( v N+ m# b3 U& B复制modsecurity源码目录下的modsecurity.conf-recommended和unicode.mapping到nginx的conf目录下,并将modsecurity.conf-recommended重新命名为modsecurity.conf。1 [; Q/ b. |/ Y# ~" V$ W& J
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编辑modsecurity.conf 文件,将SecRuleEngine设置为 on9 K) \/ U! m3 \, y* T+ ~$ a8 q1 o
, p' D/ b8 F' f6 A% R+ ~owasp-modsecurity-crs下有很多存放规则的文件夹,例如base_rules、experimental_rules、optional_rules、slr_rules,里面的规则按需要启用,需要启用的规则使用Include进来即可。0 Q8 g1 l2 E, f* b( e1 u
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Include owasp-modsecurity-crs/modsecurity_crs_10_setup.conf
3 T8 i9 A, F+ M$ ?/ G3 e7 ?# aInclude owasp-modsecurity-crs/base_rules/modsecurity_crs_41_sql_injection_attacks.conf. ?1 i% y1 ?6 D: i. N
Include owasp-modsecurity-crs/base_rules/modsecurity_crs_41_xss_attacks.conf& z' K9 H0 O/ N2 B. \% B# Y
Include owasp-modsecurity-crs/base_rules/modsecurity_crs_40_generic_attacks.conf! `' O, n8 w" R3 _! r: t# C
Include owasp-modsecurity-crs/experimental_rules/modsecurity_crs_11_dos_protection.conf
- X" e7 ^4 q1 k' R( [Include owasp-modsecurity-crs/experimental_rules/modsecurity_crs_11_brute_force.conf
& t8 Y7 A$ e; C! ^2 LInclude owasp-modsecurity-crs/optional_rules/modsecurity_crs_16_session_hijacking.conf
& `% Y0 y1 a9 p& J3 \# k# A* o4 Z6 [五.配置nginx) ?) d8 }+ Z8 `+ L) O& j
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在需要启用modsecurity的主机的location下面加入下面两行即可:
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; ?1 }7 [/ a& i+ i) P2 K( e* I6 a( jModSecurityEnabled on; + M& l3 C; C/ c; ^$ T+ x/ A! D
ModSecurityConfig modsecurity.conf;: t1 J& P. b2 W- _# X) l4 z
下面是两个示例配置,php虚拟主机:
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6 c/ v1 U h2 V, i1 Nserver {" J1 [" V9 h8 h8 l1 V9 `
listen 80;( ]% T' D q5 H" l( Y/ W: I
server_name 52os.net www.52os.net;
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location ~ \.php$ {
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ModSecurityConfig modsecurity.conf;: w Y8 m6 F) Z$ w/ }. w4 P
* A: F# n. Q1 B3 V! E3 y root /web/wordpress;$ C5 L& B5 ^% Z
index index.php index.html index.htm;
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fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;" R2 w) G) z2 p1 a. M% n& ]' w
fastcgi_index index.php;
& E0 Z; D/ p$ G& M( x fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $Document_root$fastcgi_script_name;7 V1 J, B; M% [5 y3 v$ }
include fastcgi_params;
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upstream负载均衡:
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upstream 52os.net {
# Z; R8 Q' O# }2 ? server 192.168.1.100:8080;
/ u% B9 _; j* d5 Z7 F server 192.168.1.101:8080 backup;. x6 ^# t# D4 o4 C
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: s& F" e" ]- Q' j, z( M/ Iserver {
5 ^. L4 i% k6 i0 n' [3 s3 Hlisten 80;# m0 Q" ]+ b8 ~
server_name 52os.net www.52os.net;0 w& R9 L+ u8 Q" X1 t
1 t: ?8 }7 u, `* Y! K7 {, O A% Q. Dlocation / {
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8 L/ u( O% k. A! |9 T ModSecurityConfig modsecurity.conf;
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proxy_pass http://online;
9 _- r f3 Z) j" b4 L' R \ proxy_redirect off;+ T+ _. g3 ^; U) M& V' S L& n
proxy_set_header Host $host;7 J6 j" E$ c: ?( ~5 @& R, D9 [
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
, d3 y, c) Q9 |2 s; E! _ proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
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六.测试
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我们启用了xss和sql注入的过滤,不正常的请求会直接返回403。以php环境为例,新建一个phpinfo.php内容为:6 M. ?8 _1 A' f+ d
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<?php
6 Z3 q. i: Z. H4 D1 [- v4 d phpinfo(); 9 D" y& U7 ~& s
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在浏览器中访问:+ P) `3 D: z+ ^8 M4 N7 D# [/ L
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http://www.52os.net/phpinfo.php?id=1 正常显示。
2 M7 M: s8 R* \# N" M9 e- ^. Rhttp://www.52os.net/phpinfo.php?id=1 and 1=1 返回403。
" U6 B3 Q2 s1 X, G+ y, Q( I4 Bhttp://www.52os.net/phpinfo.php?search=<scritp>alert('xss');</script> 返回403。. B7 `4 }( g2 |3 V
说明sql注入和xss已经被过滤了
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& W9 a0 J; m; {' ]3 I七、安装过程中排错
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3 u4 x* g' z& K+ \) G1.缺少APXS会报错! e8 c/ q" x* U) n, O; F7 ]$ |
0 a6 d6 @; s7 i6 ]* I+ v4 ]4 |configure: looking for Apache module support via DSO through APXS. ~$ h4 W3 [; J
configure: error: couldn't find APXS8 ~, ~& d' b L7 ^
apxs是一个为Apache HTTP服务器编译和安装扩展模块的工具,用于编译一个或多个源程序或目标代码文件为动态共享对象。7 ~ k0 u/ L9 e3 E0 l8 w' }
解决方法:
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yum install httpd-devel
& g- W! e" Z o {2.没有pcre5 ~4 [9 e0 d; R4 Y/ [
C, B' X5 @3 u% vconfigure: *** pcre library not found.
) X. F: ?/ L( [. `6 zconfigure: error: pcre library is required
5 |, {! o4 Y' }1 ?6 F解决方法:
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yum install pcre pcre-devel0 E- Q& L. G4 N$ e% X2 ?2 g
3.没有libxml2
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5 L. M( z, m8 |9 {configure: *** xml library not found.; \. H- L! G; N2 z
configure: error: libxml2 is required
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+ p h2 o6 ~: |7 X7 G& t+ \yum install libxml2 libxml2-devel
! O3 f4 T# K: U+ E! S4.执行 /opt/tengine/sbin/nginx -m 时有警告
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7 l* R3 p* [& ]8 WTengine version: Tengine/2.1.0 (nginx/1.6.2)5 C0 J# {, i |7 N' Z5 O% M
nginx: [warn] ModSecurity: Loaded APR do not match with compiled!
* ~2 f) z: ~( k# X原因:modsecurity编译时和加载时的apr版本不一致造成的,并且会有以下error.log
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2 M, M+ J: K# K: _" s0 ^4 [2015/01/26 02:04:18 [notice] 29036#0: ModSecurity for nginx (STABLE)/2.8.0 () configured.2 _* S, f8 X8 y/ s% w4 G* ~4 o( d
2015/01/26 02:04:18 [notice] 29036#0: ModSecurity: APR compiled version="1.5.0"; loaded version="1.3.9"
% P# z9 l7 {1 B7 E G2015/01/26 02:04:18 [warn] 29036#0: ModSecurity: Loaded APR do not match with compiled!
. C3 a$ U) x% S. H H# m3 e# Q& i2015/01/26 02:04:18 [notice] 29036#0: ModSecurity: PCRE compiled version="7.8 "; loaded version="7.8 2008-09-05"
- G+ ^ ^6 y$ u- [' h2015/01/26 02:04:18 [notice] 29036#0: ModSecurity: LIBXML compiled version="2.7.6"$ ?5 w9 R0 C7 T# Q
2015/01/26 02:04:18 [notice] 29036#0: Status engine is currently disabled, enable it by set SecStatusEngine to On.
4 o& i7 S. ?8 D O5 N6 h5 I4 X. N/ a解决方法,移除低版本的APR (1.3.9)
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) ~ X/ H& h9 vyum remove apr
9 X* Y0 F+ j' a# K( r9 d5.Error.log中有: Audit log: Failed to lock global mutex
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2015/01/26 04:15:42 [error] 61610#0: [client 10.11.15.161] ModSecurity: Audit log: Failed to lock 8 Q8 p% j1 _2 V# V; T" u7 z. z# k
global mutex: Permission denied [hostname ""] [uri "/i.php"] [unique_id "AcAcAcAcAcAcAcA4DcA7AcAc"]
* e' t5 g$ @' [8 Z6 g6 y: d解决方法:$ ?' F P4 W% o. A* m* D
编辑modsecurity.conf,注释掉默认的SecAuditLogType和SecAuditLog,添加以下内容:: k) K( {$ ?: b; N+ N+ g
1 z, k# q) b+ _) f' H# dSecAuditLogDirMode 0777: T5 y, Y; z. ~5 P. P, {" h# @
SecAuditLogFileMode 0550
( t$ D9 i8 `0 i# Q! g; cSecAuditLogStorageDir /var/log/modsecurity; [# o3 V1 x3 o |, X
SecAuditLogType Concurrent
5 Z% X. _- R% |2 P1 a5 }) F参考文章:
) ?: h+ o( m8 h( ^* }* q ^https://github.com/SpiderLabs/ModSecurity/wiki/Reference-Manual#Installation_for_NGINX
3 _4 z; y! n8 Y G+ shttp://drops.wooyun.org/tips/2614 |
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