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modsecurity原本是Apache上的一款开源waf,可以有效的增强web安全性,目前已经支持nginx和IIS,配合nginx的灵活和高效,可以打造成生产级的WAF,是保护和审核web安全的利器。0 F1 E- u0 v5 `8 n& ?! i
- p b$ Q# p0 K' D# {8 K一.准备工作
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" d3 m3 K, F$ o* R# B- w系统:centos 6.5 64位、 tengine 2.1.0, modsecurity 2.8.09 k$ J7 p$ ?) d$ g
. O6 T/ |$ |, B4 h6 N% Ptengine : http://tengine.taobao.org/download/tengine-2.1.0.tar.gz; d" {4 K8 t% _6 K& X6 } I
9 |1 Z% e6 O1 \! E2 gmodsecurity for Nginx: https://www.modsecurity.org/tarball/2.8.0/modsecurity-2.8.0.tar.gz5 u+ {! x- j m' i& q* U2 P
# X9 ]* q5 ~. i$ j9 V3 d( yOWASP规则集: https://github.com/SpiderLabs/owasp-modsecurity-crs
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: {% R% G& f3 |5 W4 D% W" @依赖关系:
. q1 y2 M1 G6 r' _" Ltengine(nginx)依赖: pcre 、zlib、 openssl, 这三个包centos 6.5 系统源里都有:
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yum install zlib zlib-devel openssl openssl-devel pcre pcre-devel
( d. P2 _, h( L) @+ nmodsecurty依赖的包:pcre httpd-devel libxml2 apr7 f" }$ d3 w" C
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yum install httpd-devel apr apr-util-devel apr-devel pcre pcre-devel libxml2 libxml2-devel. g+ @8 }) L; u3 q% x6 @8 D
二.启用standalone模块并编译2 c6 S) M! ? J
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下载modsecurity for nginx 解压,进入解压后目录执行:% m6 `$ X- x a. G: C) L
; z4 L& B+ i& I" I1 x2 N9 K1 Y./autogen.sh
# ~+ h5 k( |! `: R. K& _- k./configure --enable-standalone-module --disable-mlogc
o% \$ A4 H% |, k8 J& V! Emake
7 D3 K0 R% x% ?7 C! K9 ]" q三.nginx添加modsecurity模块
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' G' u( x. v% a3 H- w8 T }在编译standalone后,nginx编译时可以通过"--add-module"添加modsecurity模块:5 U( L0 M3 g& `/ H4 m* z
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./configure --add-module=/root/modsecurity-2.8.0/nginx/modsecurity/ --prefix=/opt/tengine& P6 x" e5 I; s# P5 O
make && make install) ~, p/ _6 t& j/ e2 B6 C
四.添加规则
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modsecurity倾向于过滤和阻止web危险,之所以强大就在于规则,OWASP提供的规则是于社区志愿者维护的,被称为核心规则CRS(corerules),规则可靠强大,当然也可以自定义规则来满足各种需求。: H. K+ Z4 y @' j/ ?: C% o7 O
9 G s! E2 d* G& D7 P3 ?0 l1.下载OWASP规则:
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# R( `% @ m! Q, T# {7 Y4 {' M+ wgit clone https://github.com/SpiderLabs/owasp-modsecurity-crs1 V2 K# {+ s1 W
9 ~5 V' @3 x4 c1 e" j. E7 q1 u8 ?6 xmv owasp-modsecurity-crs /opt/tengine/conf/
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! c+ u8 L, X: ycd /opt/tengine/conf/owasp-modsecurity-crs && mv modsecurity_crs_10_setup.conf.example modsecurity_crs_10_setup.conf7 @5 G8 D' f3 o' x2 C! f( s: K
2.启用OWASP规则:5 i" y6 Y' T& U* N# ^# C/ K
4 J5 S+ k* R: ]" a复制modsecurity源码目录下的modsecurity.conf-recommended和unicode.mapping到nginx的conf目录下,并将modsecurity.conf-recommended重新命名为modsecurity.conf。
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* l3 b! o. c# V& t0 |! d编辑modsecurity.conf 文件,将SecRuleEngine设置为 on
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1 c O% M k7 k/ h3 t+ J/ powasp-modsecurity-crs下有很多存放规则的文件夹,例如base_rules、experimental_rules、optional_rules、slr_rules,里面的规则按需要启用,需要启用的规则使用Include进来即可。9 B% p6 ^0 K& @( L* _9 v
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Include owasp-modsecurity-crs/modsecurity_crs_10_setup.conf$ X2 |& s( ]+ z' t
Include owasp-modsecurity-crs/base_rules/modsecurity_crs_41_sql_injection_attacks.conf
2 u5 O: ^0 U% uInclude owasp-modsecurity-crs/base_rules/modsecurity_crs_41_xss_attacks.conf
2 q, M. w: ~9 `( NInclude owasp-modsecurity-crs/base_rules/modsecurity_crs_40_generic_attacks.conf' q6 }0 o# p' @2 L; ]
Include owasp-modsecurity-crs/experimental_rules/modsecurity_crs_11_dos_protection.conf
! O0 B7 p+ L E/ @) Q8 D0 i; oInclude owasp-modsecurity-crs/experimental_rules/modsecurity_crs_11_brute_force.conf4 \: O" V' E) _
Include owasp-modsecurity-crs/optional_rules/modsecurity_crs_16_session_hijacking.conf
$ n" a) z8 C' ?1 v' n4 l+ I五.配置nginx" \9 G' [$ Z) N7 I; N3 |$ h' w
6 X( }4 f7 K B1 t在需要启用modsecurity的主机的location下面加入下面两行即可:
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* f/ I( M) V$ _( o `: mModSecurityEnabled on;
* O- n! b6 w- x* GModSecurityConfig modsecurity.conf;5 Y; E; T; G& O' L% ]
下面是两个示例配置,php虚拟主机:6 Q* m; Z* D( O* o
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server {3 |# W% `3 D, ?7 o! V" L6 P
listen 80;
* U" z/ Y9 `1 `% Z$ Y [. Y7 u' u server_name 52os.net www.52os.net;, G& P1 y/ W. k0 K7 l
$ u" @+ u1 {. o4 f' V location ~ \.php$ {; W0 O% U9 I& Q# {1 h
ModSecurityEnabled on; 5 e& o: A4 [$ a; _
ModSecurityConfig modsecurity.conf;0 l+ d4 _+ F- |/ U
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root /web/wordpress;
- `- s! i* O3 r8 B% I/ B* z index index.php index.html index.htm;
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+ i3 {1 s# w2 H: ~! C9 [8 \ fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;. u% l2 p8 v3 L& J! i
fastcgi_index index.php;
: c7 {3 c6 a" n fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $Document_root$fastcgi_script_name;! E8 R( V3 z9 X; j6 S
include fastcgi_params;4 L0 T' I' d# P- C* w+ c
}
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' ]7 E# w) `; W( @5 O! nupstream负载均衡:. h( o1 I# c# f/ Z. A! S+ ^! [% S
% X$ } c$ [/ ]upstream 52os.net {
* r* ~2 l# }; s* v server 192.168.1.100:8080;
5 z+ m0 T& k7 y9 B1 s3 | server 192.168.1.101:8080 backup;3 N) ]- c+ E% u( Z, s
}
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9 c: |9 Y0 Y# Q, N5 aserver {' ?# X L6 b) a' R& m
listen 80;! e3 S! e6 C; r8 q8 U8 H8 R
server_name 52os.net www.52os.net;5 T' l S3 f1 k# J1 U4 f
5 p5 x) ~9 p: B# ~" dlocation / {
( ~& }; X9 f& v% F ModSecurityEnabled on; % ]& h2 C @$ A" D' j% N" D
ModSecurityConfig modsecurity.conf; * I7 m# i/ }! E) @9 [0 w( p2 i* S
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proxy_pass http://online;, x. i5 j! Q4 r5 z/ }. o
proxy_redirect off;1 g! y' _2 x" u# k: |- D" ^
proxy_set_header Host $host;
2 H' O, c: M1 c6 y$ } s0 }7 J proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
' l' Y* m" ?" X6 v proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
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六.测试- A( [- o# q! G9 ~6 b! G& E
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我们启用了xss和sql注入的过滤,不正常的请求会直接返回403。以php环境为例,新建一个phpinfo.php内容为:* S" S9 L0 O" | a) }
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<?php
( i& U5 `4 c; c- W! } phpinfo();
& J) ^4 w8 l7 F1 x* G$ b?>
- J5 d) A# `- b, @1 m$ I& ^在浏览器中访问:" R8 P9 `$ i' x: p
7 C& H, m2 v$ _% Jhttp://www.52os.net/phpinfo.php?id=1 正常显示。! G& O# _) }4 d B5 x" R2 G
http://www.52os.net/phpinfo.php?id=1 and 1=1 返回403。
5 u5 ^/ i W2 X* q+ thttp://www.52os.net/phpinfo.php?search=<scritp>alert('xss');</script> 返回403。2 a0 M% b8 S5 P( I# I3 U
说明sql注入和xss已经被过滤了( k) m$ U9 m |$ ?4 W r: {; q1 Z
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七、安装过程中排错
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" } @. e9 H8 H o8 I1.缺少APXS会报错
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6 R* t0 _$ U2 \6 d! X: e3 iconfigure: looking for Apache module support via DSO through APXS
- u: d" V" X/ S) ~: Hconfigure: error: couldn't find APXS ~" I& y S9 V% R! y
apxs是一个为Apache HTTP服务器编译和安装扩展模块的工具,用于编译一个或多个源程序或目标代码文件为动态共享对象。' B6 M$ z$ \3 b1 r% }/ Q
解决方法:. A8 h H' D, M
) I: ~( W% ~1 Cyum install httpd-devel
5 }( u& w2 r; d V, s, `( c0 P5 \. I8 }2.没有pcre3 d- \( i( f8 O* k" n
+ J$ M; w3 ~: q7 B/ U7 D8 qconfigure: *** pcre library not found.
) }6 U+ a5 j* Y0 C6 S. `7 Bconfigure: error: pcre library is required- L2 Y* l O: w t( z
解决方法:
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yum install pcre pcre-devel/ M, t' C- p; B' ~2 |2 J
3.没有libxml2! h) _! k; V3 r2 `
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configure: *** xml library not found.
8 o: X% w# h3 s. }$ e- bconfigure: error: libxml2 is required
, y: M; e* J6 x) q* O解决方法:
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yum install libxml2 libxml2-devel! \6 l' d1 j! }# _- Y R
4.执行 /opt/tengine/sbin/nginx -m 时有警告* o, Q5 D9 r& {8 Q
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Tengine version: Tengine/2.1.0 (nginx/1.6.2)6 v* T2 U, [9 Z8 A
nginx: [warn] ModSecurity: Loaded APR do not match with compiled!, M6 N; e* O. E0 T! n
原因:modsecurity编译时和加载时的apr版本不一致造成的,并且会有以下error.log
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# B l, m* U7 |' A. D5 L- K, T4 `0 i2015/01/26 02:04:18 [notice] 29036#0: ModSecurity for nginx (STABLE)/2.8.0 () configured.
: Q H" x" n# t. g0 c' u2015/01/26 02:04:18 [notice] 29036#0: ModSecurity: APR compiled version="1.5.0"; loaded version="1.3.9"
: @1 q# [' z, l4 T/ L- T/ n2015/01/26 02:04:18 [warn] 29036#0: ModSecurity: Loaded APR do not match with compiled!) n9 M( B; ]! U$ ?. {& ^
2015/01/26 02:04:18 [notice] 29036#0: ModSecurity: PCRE compiled version="7.8 "; loaded version="7.8 2008-09-05"
. A: {% m. m `4 p" ?' u2015/01/26 02:04:18 [notice] 29036#0: ModSecurity: LIBXML compiled version="2.7.6"
7 C( j9 D3 o. o2015/01/26 02:04:18 [notice] 29036#0: Status engine is currently disabled, enable it by set SecStatusEngine to On.
8 F2 _! G) R) t" y# D解决方法,移除低版本的APR (1.3.9)
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: k3 _% x# T7 ?3 h, H3 T! \ Iyum remove apr
- O8 z! A+ d4 u* g4 i% s* F5.Error.log中有: Audit log: Failed to lock global mutex
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2015/01/26 04:15:42 [error] 61610#0: [client 10.11.15.161] ModSecurity: Audit log: Failed to lock
1 x1 P9 S) U" @5 Cglobal mutex: Permission denied [hostname ""] [uri "/i.php"] [unique_id "AcAcAcAcAcAcAcA4DcA7AcAc"]3 `& L' g) s4 ~4 y# e2 V
解决方法:" s" _$ I5 m. U3 ~% [- l4 [' J
编辑modsecurity.conf,注释掉默认的SecAuditLogType和SecAuditLog,添加以下内容:' Q/ W9 ^; L, H: i0 f9 T: v, O
( m. n9 J+ n- [+ @5 s9 A; H/ KSecAuditLogDirMode 0777# o; u7 W0 Z/ Q' D2 q$ p. O! t
SecAuditLogFileMode 0550% y$ I7 D" O) A- A, j j5 o
SecAuditLogStorageDir /var/log/modsecurity
- B0 k0 z& b, T1 ASecAuditLogType Concurrent
9 l7 Q. S/ t# E0 j7 E( e7 E; H# V% K/ E7 P参考文章:
5 z# V, c+ }' D: Chttps://github.com/SpiderLabs/ModSecurity/wiki/Reference-Manual#Installation_for_NGINX! }$ Q( X T/ u
http://drops.wooyun.org/tips/2614 |
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