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modsecurity原本是Apache上的一款开源waf,可以有效的增强web安全性,目前已经支持nginx和IIS,配合nginx的灵活和高效,可以打造成生产级的WAF,是保护和审核web安全的利器。
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1 Q, h! H! L9 k7 l: g9 I一.准备工作5 f% D4 B+ m4 r, A
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系统:centos 6.5 64位、 tengine 2.1.0, modsecurity 2.8.0
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9 B% o5 }7 t" A; U- o% ^% Otengine : http://tengine.taobao.org/download/tengine-2.1.0.tar.gz
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# R0 u# y( v" ^7 D( w3 Rmodsecurity for Nginx: https://www.modsecurity.org/tarball/2.8.0/modsecurity-2.8.0.tar.gz: [) r, N: D8 p* j4 q5 T8 Q
/ p' m! C8 d g! J# } g: j& yOWASP规则集: https://github.com/SpiderLabs/owasp-modsecurity-crs. W/ ?- V9 K; ~ B+ z
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依赖关系: F& e. U" h5 O6 e1 Q# \2 {0 F; B* p/ S
tengine(nginx)依赖: pcre 、zlib、 openssl, 这三个包centos 6.5 系统源里都有:
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- A0 G& w$ B9 n* c/ k) N5 Jyum install zlib zlib-devel openssl openssl-devel pcre pcre-devel" ~6 L: d5 n6 I3 ~8 i! j3 h* G
modsecurty依赖的包:pcre httpd-devel libxml2 apr
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! s+ m4 l/ z. B! N! r. L5 \yum install httpd-devel apr apr-util-devel apr-devel pcre pcre-devel libxml2 libxml2-devel8 w+ L8 E/ q0 e2 p% v7 q0 P
二.启用standalone模块并编译
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下载modsecurity for nginx 解压,进入解压后目录执行:9 q$ q, Q- X6 |
: q8 n) T t/ r, _./autogen.sh
) j. d" H7 m% n3 t# |./configure --enable-standalone-module --disable-mlogc; w5 t# L; w" U! D( O( d ~
make * U1 w" n# o" q: Y9 V
三.nginx添加modsecurity模块
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: x. f( b( {% O' Z2 t( ]在编译standalone后,nginx编译时可以通过"--add-module"添加modsecurity模块:# y* u/ a% [1 a2 M+ y4 a2 B
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./configure --add-module=/root/modsecurity-2.8.0/nginx/modsecurity/ --prefix=/opt/tengine7 C1 s7 U1 H. k
make && make install
9 @+ ^* z+ Z9 ~4 j+ a" s/ A; S四.添加规则' ^! E# T0 R1 G
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modsecurity倾向于过滤和阻止web危险,之所以强大就在于规则,OWASP提供的规则是于社区志愿者维护的,被称为核心规则CRS(corerules),规则可靠强大,当然也可以自定义规则来满足各种需求。
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1.下载OWASP规则:
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git clone https://github.com/SpiderLabs/owasp-modsecurity-crs. _. z" e) h/ }+ _
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mv owasp-modsecurity-crs /opt/tengine/conf/8 _8 U1 Q( l. U; U
2 L, j7 a4 @1 d$ z B0 Ucd /opt/tengine/conf/owasp-modsecurity-crs && mv modsecurity_crs_10_setup.conf.example modsecurity_crs_10_setup.conf
4 V6 Q' W3 c. z1 d$ e3 f) l4 @$ ?; }2.启用OWASP规则:
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复制modsecurity源码目录下的modsecurity.conf-recommended和unicode.mapping到nginx的conf目录下,并将modsecurity.conf-recommended重新命名为modsecurity.conf。
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编辑modsecurity.conf 文件,将SecRuleEngine设置为 on4 C& n ]2 c* O2 c5 p8 D
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owasp-modsecurity-crs下有很多存放规则的文件夹,例如base_rules、experimental_rules、optional_rules、slr_rules,里面的规则按需要启用,需要启用的规则使用Include进来即可。4 J/ T% R$ v3 C4 @0 Y6 ~
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Include owasp-modsecurity-crs/modsecurity_crs_10_setup.conf1 R! {: P/ G6 w. U
Include owasp-modsecurity-crs/base_rules/modsecurity_crs_41_sql_injection_attacks.conf
* d* _! \/ @2 ZInclude owasp-modsecurity-crs/base_rules/modsecurity_crs_41_xss_attacks.conf
; B% @. v+ l) C" `1 s$ g+ KInclude owasp-modsecurity-crs/base_rules/modsecurity_crs_40_generic_attacks.conf
; u/ P4 p2 P l" ?( yInclude owasp-modsecurity-crs/experimental_rules/modsecurity_crs_11_dos_protection.conf
$ A$ I* J! i" }1 T1 e! x" [ _7 yInclude owasp-modsecurity-crs/experimental_rules/modsecurity_crs_11_brute_force.conf
4 a) s3 F9 s0 Y- x0 Y/ Q0 WInclude owasp-modsecurity-crs/optional_rules/modsecurity_crs_16_session_hijacking.conf/ L3 u# l0 }4 P1 b$ Z/ ]
五.配置nginx
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在需要启用modsecurity的主机的location下面加入下面两行即可:
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ModSecurityConfig modsecurity.conf;8 @) D0 M$ r7 p- ~. ]# c
下面是两个示例配置,php虚拟主机:
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- L2 z% L- r( e2 L3 q1 mserver {
+ _ m2 ]% D3 O6 T3 f$ `& g listen 80;8 H! P$ y" p+ [: W
server_name 52os.net www.52os.net;
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9 J3 z. B- Z- R0 ~ location ~ \.php$ {
5 f, [# i" y* A* g9 h: [% }- m+ i5 ? ModSecurityEnabled on; - c6 s6 [0 L: b
ModSecurityConfig modsecurity.conf;# B7 d& A* a* K
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root /web/wordpress;: i; g# ]# i# ]! h7 r: N; k
index index.php index.html index.htm;
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( w2 q) @* p( G/ v fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;$ N& Z8 h6 N3 q- I
fastcgi_index index.php;
+ @& `$ W6 Z7 f. t. m! }: N8 K7 a fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $Document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
4 f% M+ e) C. v6 n) K! `/ v include fastcgi_params;* n' h: ]9 m3 R, n& b! E9 y
}
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: _- P0 c! y5 yupstream负载均衡: x/ u$ H6 n6 ^& K( B1 f
/ e, H( X7 v+ i/ ?! r6 Dupstream 52os.net {
! y( J6 d- E& j$ f server 192.168.1.100:8080;# d8 d8 Y$ R& I; G3 P" S
server 192.168.1.101:8080 backup;* ?: e4 ]! l% s( b a* J6 C9 A
}
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listen 80;7 O6 [2 _: {6 E$ p2 ^7 U
server_name 52os.net www.52os.net;
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location / {7 o, }6 o1 z2 Q# T5 U; P) A
ModSecurityEnabled on;
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: H& N( o/ l- j# K1 u( g, _ proxy_pass http://online;6 O& T2 e( c, C3 u! F* a
proxy_redirect off;
5 l8 R# o, B- A) F# H) y2 Q proxy_set_header Host $host;9 R2 U, D* {/ l9 @1 v1 a& ?
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;/ w V9 b8 ^6 b% V3 ~+ N
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;; H' [6 J& v' x. _
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六.测试: J8 Q; M+ ^ d# j& |
' U9 |, N _/ K$ N9 ~0 A我们启用了xss和sql注入的过滤,不正常的请求会直接返回403。以php环境为例,新建一个phpinfo.php内容为:
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5 a2 }! w9 {: g3 j; d/ D! d<?php
c8 Q: k) l% M" X3 } phpinfo();
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在浏览器中访问:, L- @$ }6 r! r U5 Y7 O
3 ]% f1 d; |0 f* ?http://www.52os.net/phpinfo.php?id=1 正常显示。$ T3 D( p: o" h" ]) c( t" t
http://www.52os.net/phpinfo.php?id=1 and 1=1 返回403。
~, P( W8 `' _; dhttp://www.52os.net/phpinfo.php?search=<scritp>alert('xss');</script> 返回403。; S$ S! r/ l0 Z
说明sql注入和xss已经被过滤了
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七、安装过程中排错. R2 c Y" s8 N$ T7 C# B1 `. ` H
2 [9 g' z; ?' `. |/ U: T1.缺少APXS会报错6 {% @3 s U- w
# F4 l0 ]7 N& lconfigure: looking for Apache module support via DSO through APXS
7 N* [; q6 N. h) W/ lconfigure: error: couldn't find APXS
5 X$ ~# F5 C; h5 |apxs是一个为Apache HTTP服务器编译和安装扩展模块的工具,用于编译一个或多个源程序或目标代码文件为动态共享对象。4 E' x1 [8 u$ \9 e' c$ [5 `/ ~. L' Q
解决方法:. I& k, ~. k# T4 `2 X! F/ M; t
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yum install httpd-devel
$ b3 A; x5 x% g* G2.没有pcre
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! `9 e7 i ]! Lconfigure: *** pcre library not found.' y" i9 u! i% c
configure: error: pcre library is required
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9 ]- P. G/ C4 E- k. vyum install pcre pcre-devel$ p9 D8 @( R5 @- }: K2 L( J9 x
3.没有libxml2, \$ R( `0 p7 ^. p( B
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. g. Q% v$ `4 y8 uconfigure: *** xml library not found.' h$ d% E! n' |. S9 _2 v
configure: error: libxml2 is required
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yum install libxml2 libxml2-devel
- Y# L% Z* q- T" P! N0 ^4 Z# W4.执行 /opt/tengine/sbin/nginx -m 时有警告5 ]6 f/ A4 J: _# g2 q( L" Q/ l1 y7 F
0 ?2 L9 X/ z+ K. {8 o* x" yTengine version: Tengine/2.1.0 (nginx/1.6.2)
9 o) X$ @ O$ Q( C) O/ f* w) f5 ?nginx: [warn] ModSecurity: Loaded APR do not match with compiled!% U- T! c6 s6 Y( k5 M
原因:modsecurity编译时和加载时的apr版本不一致造成的,并且会有以下error.log
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6 [9 V, C! B1 O2015/01/26 02:04:18 [notice] 29036#0: ModSecurity for nginx (STABLE)/2.8.0 () configured.
( ]2 D2 v$ v* h: W/ V- Q2015/01/26 02:04:18 [notice] 29036#0: ModSecurity: APR compiled version="1.5.0"; loaded version="1.3.9"
! @: J# }0 ]- Y3 P) v6 n0 \2015/01/26 02:04:18 [warn] 29036#0: ModSecurity: Loaded APR do not match with compiled!1 ]) r1 P# X0 `& k
2015/01/26 02:04:18 [notice] 29036#0: ModSecurity: PCRE compiled version="7.8 "; loaded version="7.8 2008-09-05"
7 j! ?% D$ D7 S9 H6 `2015/01/26 02:04:18 [notice] 29036#0: ModSecurity: LIBXML compiled version="2.7.6"' l- U6 Z; V4 B B
2015/01/26 02:04:18 [notice] 29036#0: Status engine is currently disabled, enable it by set SecStatusEngine to On.
; b; g/ C7 h, H" y/ V解决方法,移除低版本的APR (1.3.9)
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5 m Q( _' ]) m% v7 Z$ M0 j0 ayum remove apr
; t4 O4 u" y& c* m9 R9 x5.Error.log中有: Audit log: Failed to lock global mutex( D, @( A* ^+ @' I9 [; I6 W8 j
2 A1 |4 F9 A' s/ ]% T Z2015/01/26 04:15:42 [error] 61610#0: [client 10.11.15.161] ModSecurity: Audit log: Failed to lock
* W; S, m2 E9 l) }global mutex: Permission denied [hostname ""] [uri "/i.php"] [unique_id "AcAcAcAcAcAcAcA4DcA7AcAc"]
* x9 Q) E3 s( c. V8 X解决方法:
/ G% U+ C7 w+ @) s) {3 T4 \编辑modsecurity.conf,注释掉默认的SecAuditLogType和SecAuditLog,添加以下内容:, o7 Z% Q( u1 a( S
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SecAuditLogDirMode 0777
6 K1 g$ {* d+ E/ _3 M( LSecAuditLogFileMode 05505 }" m. a$ z3 F' v2 E! {- c
SecAuditLogStorageDir /var/log/modsecurity/ ^+ S a3 V" P t) U! L! p1 Q$ X; e8 u
SecAuditLogType Concurrent+ ]* v& J' m. u$ i- K5 `
参考文章:! {) l1 w6 R ~
https://github.com/SpiderLabs/ModSecurity/wiki/Reference-Manual#Installation_for_NGINX, Q+ K/ y) ]0 \; V- o( I0 l0 t
http://drops.wooyun.org/tips/2614 |
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