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nginx配合modsecurity实现WAF功能

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发表于 2017-10-19 16:53:31 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
modsecurity原本是Apache上的一款开源waf,可以有效的增强web安全性,目前已经支持nginx和IIS,配合nginx的灵活和高效,可以打造成生产级的WAF,是保护和审核web安全的利器。3 }- O$ o2 u0 W
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一.准备工作
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( w+ k- w& [0 a6 X9 f  z系统:centos 6.5 64位、 tengine 2.1.0, modsecurity 2.8.0
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tengine : http://tengine.taobao.org/download/tengine-2.1.0.tar.gz
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3 ?2 ^* O; w, {/ \! ^modsecurity for Nginx: https://www.modsecurity.org/tarball/2.8.0/modsecurity-2.8.0.tar.gz
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: B6 [2 y; M" O2 w* F6 b8 Z7 F# `OWASP规则集: https://github.com/SpiderLabs/owasp-modsecurity-crs
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依赖关系:. I; x9 _6 G" |: g8 w/ D' D
tengine(nginx)依赖: pcre 、zlib、 openssl, 这三个包centos 6.5 系统源里都有:2 S3 Y/ _3 U+ M

/ q8 z9 R% n) C; T) d0 t* ~yum install zlib zlib-devel openssl openssl-devel  pcre pcre-devel: `0 ]2 o& N7 `$ E. |
modsecurty依赖的包:pcre httpd-devel libxml2 apr; a. _/ k" u) c! }. e" x
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yum install httpd-devel apr apr-util-devel apr-devel  pcre pcre-devel  libxml2 libxml2-devel
5 |) G! z3 h( t5 e$ H; c二.启用standalone模块并编译, r9 m- C- F; x9 ?; s

! U0 {6 |( I" F9 M下载modsecurity for nginx 解压,进入解压后目录执行:
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./autogen.sh
% u2 X/ m) ]4 v$ F" l./configure --enable-standalone-module --disable-mlogc6 s* m! B( b9 q
make
  {# c4 H5 e  n" o三.nginx添加modsecurity模块
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4 Y  a$ X7 }( \' a+ o2 s1 l在编译standalone后,nginx编译时可以通过"--add-module"添加modsecurity模块:
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./configure --add-module=/root/modsecurity-2.8.0/nginx/modsecurity/  --prefix=/opt/tengine: `& f0 J* @; z; b0 U4 j" u) p5 \; M9 `
make && make install
7 N/ W2 g$ @* {* S8 j, c四.添加规则9 j2 l% B/ _7 U( i, r. p5 ~

! D. p1 l! S- Z( i+ omodsecurity倾向于过滤和阻止web危险,之所以强大就在于规则,OWASP提供的规则是于社区志愿者维护的,被称为核心规则CRS(corerules),规则可靠强大,当然也可以自定义规则来满足各种需求。& S0 s8 w$ B/ i6 D0 ~

; l3 `) F" k2 a% C1.下载OWASP规则:
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+ j( ~, A) u% f4 ~/ X. Vgit clone https://github.com/SpiderLabs/owasp-modsecurity-crs
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mv owasp-modsecurity-crs /opt/tengine/conf/
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8 U% z' j1 Q6 o$ d# k  Rcd /opt/tengine/conf/owasp-modsecurity-crs && mv modsecurity_crs_10_setup.conf.example modsecurity_crs_10_setup.conf
4 f# S8 d6 H2 Z. k5 R7 r8 r# W- G7 Q2.启用OWASP规则:
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4 @( Y+ |" D( P复制modsecurity源码目录下的modsecurity.conf-recommended和unicode.mapping到nginx的conf目录下,并将modsecurity.conf-recommended重新命名为modsecurity.conf。
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  ~' i5 P! v& I6 Q编辑modsecurity.conf 文件,将SecRuleEngine设置为 on  m3 r: v& ~! [6 C" I

2 s6 v8 c9 }; A, O5 T% lowasp-modsecurity-crs下有很多存放规则的文件夹,例如base_rules、experimental_rules、optional_rules、slr_rules,里面的规则按需要启用,需要启用的规则使用Include进来即可。# R3 W5 E% J" B

  L2 k! Y. v8 e& z2 }Include owasp-modsecurity-crs/modsecurity_crs_10_setup.conf# X5 c) K3 u) \+ ~- Z
Include owasp-modsecurity-crs/base_rules/modsecurity_crs_41_sql_injection_attacks.conf
& {( f( I# H6 t9 I0 k# S/ pInclude owasp-modsecurity-crs/base_rules/modsecurity_crs_41_xss_attacks.conf+ }3 B$ ~5 w4 N9 X" `
Include owasp-modsecurity-crs/base_rules/modsecurity_crs_40_generic_attacks.conf
& y' ]5 l% r1 y) fInclude owasp-modsecurity-crs/experimental_rules/modsecurity_crs_11_dos_protection.conf
0 v' g1 t3 T) h& ^Include owasp-modsecurity-crs/experimental_rules/modsecurity_crs_11_brute_force.conf% K, U$ H) h1 l& }. a; i/ S
Include owasp-modsecurity-crs/optional_rules/modsecurity_crs_16_session_hijacking.conf
, D6 J8 k0 M$ P, Q) U五.配置nginx7 Q. n& d- K- X7 z. K& i

! c) q; U) u( Q& S- J/ ?在需要启用modsecurity的主机的location下面加入下面两行即可:
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ModSecurityEnabled on;  
# J: Y. l7 K/ A0 Y2 c. sModSecurityConfig modsecurity.conf;, h3 }( T+ b$ B9 {+ v" [( M  @
下面是两个示例配置,php虚拟主机:" n7 w8 Q3 L8 A) `

8 ]; |7 }# B- M( W8 u! a8 p; |server {
. ]1 x+ X5 y$ i. h6 l      listen      80;
0 R+ ~) l" ~7 Z( p/ a      server_name 52os.net www.52os.net;/ c9 U% q; E4 R( g, c  h& H2 I
     * `" x, v. }- ~/ Y- `7 }
      location ~ \.php$ {
+ U+ W4 g( }3 U( C      ModSecurityEnabled on;  
$ O1 {6 \$ l$ V      ModSecurityConfig modsecurity.conf;
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. s" ]3 d, z/ a" ?3 e1 j7 k      root /web/wordpress;
0 e( G6 P* k4 Z      index index.php index.html index.htm;5 [  J4 h; s7 C1 [& K' B7 w
  
9 R5 p7 n( G- H4 x/ }2 S6 Y      fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;0 B' `+ u) ]2 g+ ~" V
      fastcgi_index  index.php;
' u4 @) l& j' X$ b      fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  $Document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
. f5 k/ c: q& Q      include        fastcgi_params;
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upstream负载均衡:
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upstream 52os.net {
" w- _/ g6 x1 L# e: m2 e4 e2 d    server 192.168.1.100:8080;
6 D$ y: u7 F% m# z. ^! x" [8 |  L) ?    server 192.168.1.101:8080 backup;
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server {- e2 x$ z" y% M2 w( d+ _
listen 80;
' u% N1 o' f; M, A/ d# ]2 Sserver_name 52os.net www.52os.net;! D$ w3 L3 m6 v
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location / {2 O0 k- s6 _) b! Z
    ModSecurityEnabled on;  " V, q$ b5 I0 U+ i' A7 C
    ModSecurityConfig modsecurity.conf;  + N' G# Y  {- E8 k3 i

5 _7 W0 q. ^  U, @        proxy_pass http://online;
* W7 c- W; _8 t        proxy_redirect         off;, T: E5 Z+ [$ k4 F& q/ X
        proxy_set_header Host $host;
8 P3 Y' H$ t' U  `& W6 K1 j& H        proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;0 p: `* I& g* G5 J
        proxy_set_header  X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
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六.测试2 ]" X, Q" K& n0 P0 c

6 G4 V% q- {2 U" p5 y# R我们启用了xss和sql注入的过滤,不正常的请求会直接返回403。以php环境为例,新建一个phpinfo.php内容为:
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<?php  }4 j* J$ ~9 Y# |' T! y
    phpinfo();   
6 i/ q( ~4 N6 Q4 d?>
  V+ M8 M, ]  u6 P2 i在浏览器中访问:8 r- \  R' r; @( E- g

) ^( Y3 l: Y- Q+ G. ^http://www.52os.net/phpinfo.php?id=1 正常显示。4 Z! i9 ~) v9 ]- D5 [' U
http://www.52os.net/phpinfo.php?id=1 and 1=1  返回403。  j' I" h/ _7 e2 d: O, D
http://www.52os.net/phpinfo.php?search=<scritp>alert('xss');</script>  返回403。
; E. t( c6 O* E' ~! H# i说明sql注入和xss已经被过滤了* H' W+ C8 S7 F2 o' m& `  ]

7 `& ]1 @5 L+ K: @/ c; l/ J5 _8 P' z七、安装过程中排错7 f; D2 a; p, m0 q0 \- n

# e' Y4 Q. Q: u+ ^, g, E' |1.缺少APXS会报错
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! ~5 a" F' P  g, x( E6 L2 G% w5 zconfigure: looking for Apache module support via DSO through APXS
) h& n% s: f) ~( I9 Y, ~% mconfigure: error: couldn't find APXS
& t5 ]+ s' m0 s: Q: G8 O' iapxs是一个为Apache HTTP服务器编译和安装扩展模块的工具,用于编译一个或多个源程序或目标代码文件为动态共享对象。4 k7 d% N9 H! u
解决方法:; c7 ?: b0 l8 c: C3 c3 |# E

& M4 D& e: D# Y+ z+ M8 M# Iyum install httpd-devel
0 D6 r8 R3 k0 v2.没有pcre
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configure: *** pcre library not found.
7 x2 y# t) v8 rconfigure: error: pcre library is required5 e  y" b: ?* t. }- K% b
解决方法:
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& f3 ^$ N9 Q' X: b+ v7 U6 myum install pcre pcre-devel
* \: b) j$ F' c9 H( i1 Y3.没有libxml2# b& T$ s! P' X* |' \6 J
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: c2 {, C3 n7 h0 E6 Z, @* C7 ^* ?( bconfigure: *** xml library not found.
7 Y# m9 O6 }' y( gconfigure: error: libxml2 is required, l# ]& e: Z8 q7 u4 o% U
解决方法:# y3 O4 ?+ J5 i: T& f) t8 _
; F+ f4 \; b2 \" \: F! p7 _" ?
yum install  libxml2 libxml2-devel
, D* ~: n0 d! o5 y: q4.执行 /opt/tengine/sbin/nginx -m 时有警告! e, N5 k* {' ?3 p
% }$ T9 J0 |% m
Tengine version: Tengine/2.1.0 (nginx/1.6.2)9 P/ G1 n- l: @3 z( q
nginx: [warn] ModSecurity: Loaded APR do not match with compiled!
5 b: G& f1 m/ p7 b原因:modsecurity编译时和加载时的apr版本不一致造成的,并且会有以下error.log
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2 R6 W* O6 J. D3 t5 X! E8 v' s2015/01/26 02:04:18 [notice] 29036#0: ModSecurity for nginx (STABLE)/2.8.0 () configured.: n; z- f: }+ _2 P
2015/01/26 02:04:18 [notice] 29036#0: ModSecurity: APR compiled version="1.5.0"; loaded     version="1.3.9"  v( S% L- ]9 @( ]
2015/01/26 02:04:18 [warn] 29036#0: ModSecurity: Loaded APR do not match with compiled!+ l/ y" c4 _0 |
2015/01/26 02:04:18 [notice] 29036#0: ModSecurity: PCRE compiled version="7.8 "; loaded version="7.8 2008-09-05"' I7 }- h9 b8 e% Z
2015/01/26 02:04:18 [notice] 29036#0: ModSecurity: LIBXML compiled version="2.7.6"7 S) {9 K$ K+ ^6 a5 v- f. {4 R
2015/01/26 02:04:18 [notice] 29036#0: Status engine is currently disabled, enable it by set SecStatusEngine to On.9 Z; i2 N7 v) D9 b2 ]2 W$ b% }
解决方法,移除低版本的APR (1.3.9)4 q1 P. U1 K! D4 l* k
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yum remove apr7 W7 [0 Q% L1 I- M  s" _6 L
5.Error.log中有: Audit log: Failed to lock global mutex
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- h) k( p  K* C9 }3 Y4 J: u$ c2015/01/26 04:15:42 [error] 61610#0: [client 10.11.15.161] ModSecurity: Audit log: Failed to lock     
2 Q% d% Y/ l! u0 K* r7 W5 K! [global mutex: Permission denied [hostname ""] [uri "/i.php"] [unique_id "AcAcAcAcAcAcAcA4DcA7AcAc"]
0 B# R, k! ]. A解决方法:; ^* x9 B: a" a& H0 t* y( M5 N& h
编辑modsecurity.conf,注释掉默认的SecAuditLogType和SecAuditLog,添加以下内容:( E6 D% v6 ~2 H  ]- b* I

4 F& ], _- N! w6 {SecAuditLogDirMode 0777
. ]; f; W4 f; P8 h) d4 P3 \% @SecAuditLogFileMode 0550
1 n( t5 i: ~. h  {8 W' OSecAuditLogStorageDir /var/log/modsecurity
0 I( c8 s2 @& h% I5 b1 L! SSecAuditLogType Concurrent# y1 m1 g, {4 K
参考文章:
9 \" J# A) c$ _* ihttps://github.com/SpiderLabs/ModSecurity/wiki/Reference-Manual#Installation_for_NGINX4 D8 J1 V) M% K# g4 q! T2 j
http://drops.wooyun.org/tips/2614
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