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modsecurity原本是Apache上的一款开源waf,可以有效的增强web安全性,目前已经支持nginx和IIS,配合nginx的灵活和高效,可以打造成生产级的WAF,是保护和审核web安全的利器。
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一.准备工作/ b9 p0 m B: m6 A4 `
" |$ ^5 ~* Q% K6 @' \" K2 l: g系统:centos 6.5 64位、 tengine 2.1.0, modsecurity 2.8.0
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tengine : http://tengine.taobao.org/download/tengine-2.1.0.tar.gz
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modsecurity for Nginx: https://www.modsecurity.org/tarball/2.8.0/modsecurity-2.8.0.tar.gz
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OWASP规则集: https://github.com/SpiderLabs/owasp-modsecurity-crs
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依赖关系:2 c0 ]+ D& p$ Y$ b+ g
tengine(nginx)依赖: pcre 、zlib、 openssl, 这三个包centos 6.5 系统源里都有:
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yum install zlib zlib-devel openssl openssl-devel pcre pcre-devel
' E, U% V5 B3 q. H8 z; rmodsecurty依赖的包:pcre httpd-devel libxml2 apr
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0 p2 d: i1 D9 \! D6 b1 U# r! e! i! Byum install httpd-devel apr apr-util-devel apr-devel pcre pcre-devel libxml2 libxml2-devel8 [) ?& }+ c' Q- p$ i" T
二.启用standalone模块并编译5 ]1 }# f Q/ X J( G* _
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下载modsecurity for nginx 解压,进入解压后目录执行:
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./autogen.sh
2 W! U- e" h# P/ o./configure --enable-standalone-module --disable-mlogc
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三.nginx添加modsecurity模块
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在编译standalone后,nginx编译时可以通过"--add-module"添加modsecurity模块:
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./configure --add-module=/root/modsecurity-2.8.0/nginx/modsecurity/ --prefix=/opt/tengine
5 ~' \+ V# x& {& E [6 R- \/ Kmake && make install4 S: r9 d$ ^5 ?
四.添加规则/ X1 z; @0 D" @; j
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modsecurity倾向于过滤和阻止web危险,之所以强大就在于规则,OWASP提供的规则是于社区志愿者维护的,被称为核心规则CRS(corerules),规则可靠强大,当然也可以自定义规则来满足各种需求。
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+ [- L6 `3 m( D4 h; s# @2 z& W1.下载OWASP规则:1 n: o4 ?9 W" m
3 g+ h; G5 }/ `9 \4 m# Ogit clone https://github.com/SpiderLabs/owasp-modsecurity-crs3 u8 f5 _$ E/ o+ Q2 c; H" O
& w# V h, c6 g1 v' P! p* dmv owasp-modsecurity-crs /opt/tengine/conf/- R& h6 p. L4 \# j# u
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cd /opt/tengine/conf/owasp-modsecurity-crs && mv modsecurity_crs_10_setup.conf.example modsecurity_crs_10_setup.conf. w9 s- s) D+ a- }' X, h# ]5 f) N
2.启用OWASP规则:& @1 x, f8 e; m' c% N3 @/ r
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复制modsecurity源码目录下的modsecurity.conf-recommended和unicode.mapping到nginx的conf目录下,并将modsecurity.conf-recommended重新命名为modsecurity.conf。
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% H) S9 V( V$ f5 Y8 \编辑modsecurity.conf 文件,将SecRuleEngine设置为 on2 W- t8 d! a2 a7 x( z
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owasp-modsecurity-crs下有很多存放规则的文件夹,例如base_rules、experimental_rules、optional_rules、slr_rules,里面的规则按需要启用,需要启用的规则使用Include进来即可。! I+ C8 t2 k4 Z7 Q. O
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Include owasp-modsecurity-crs/modsecurity_crs_10_setup.conf
; e$ b3 ?4 x) p+ V% h' ]5 @, CInclude owasp-modsecurity-crs/base_rules/modsecurity_crs_41_sql_injection_attacks.conf! n. |8 ?9 |. w7 e* F2 u0 d
Include owasp-modsecurity-crs/base_rules/modsecurity_crs_41_xss_attacks.conf( Q+ n6 `0 | m. q0 d2 i
Include owasp-modsecurity-crs/base_rules/modsecurity_crs_40_generic_attacks.conf9 R f R+ ] z4 Z: z
Include owasp-modsecurity-crs/experimental_rules/modsecurity_crs_11_dos_protection.conf
/ Q3 y f+ Q8 R8 s) M9 N+ ]Include owasp-modsecurity-crs/experimental_rules/modsecurity_crs_11_brute_force.conf
2 x* ~% u& \- `8 I2 nInclude owasp-modsecurity-crs/optional_rules/modsecurity_crs_16_session_hijacking.conf% [) m3 ` M& w$ u; X$ ?
五.配置nginx
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4 i( C- x$ K% b, T在需要启用modsecurity的主机的location下面加入下面两行即可:
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- i B s/ a5 ^0 [7 H! \) P Y* @ModSecurityEnabled on; ' a# r' Z4 q# o c m) M% b* L
ModSecurityConfig modsecurity.conf;1 X4 X- j( W) ]/ E; v! H# p) X/ ~
下面是两个示例配置,php虚拟主机:5 E+ S1 ?7 w. F; E6 ^) y4 _) s
, u- ^+ {: _( F. z' Dserver {
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server_name 52os.net www.52os.net;
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. g0 E, `* s& X$ r, f location ~ \.php$ {
! w) \% K4 A; v* p, v+ g X8 ^ ModSecurityEnabled on; ; L k% \+ W2 K/ |% K
ModSecurityConfig modsecurity.conf;
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. k0 C4 i5 |- `! X4 R) S root /web/wordpress;0 r) k* R) D3 F6 t8 ~6 J+ k# }2 q
index index.php index.html index.htm;
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fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;+ A7 ~$ R7 i% V3 Y/ F$ }& q
fastcgi_index index.php;
. d6 u9 n q' X6 R fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $Document_root$fastcgi_script_name; l' `7 w/ o2 c* ]3 p7 J
include fastcgi_params;# i* _& {& Y$ G0 M8 D) C( A9 K
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upstream负载均衡:
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upstream 52os.net {
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server 192.168.1.101:8080 backup;
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server {
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% d+ c$ Z6 _( w; e- ]- Mserver_name 52os.net www.52os.net;
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location / {
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$ N) i7 M( Y- p: i ModSecurityConfig modsecurity.conf; 3 u! f/ L# d H% c$ B+ f
6 ~" x& s4 k# a4 [/ D proxy_pass http://online;
$ \0 U) J9 r, v proxy_redirect off;' X: Z& G( [! u+ R7 P
proxy_set_header Host $host;1 _( x+ c$ O" r+ p8 s
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
- I& b n5 W5 o0 |% n7 Z proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;7 v; Z! g- r! ?: W- ^; l
}
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) [5 M& Y W2 h( n1 h六.测试9 W/ a7 L0 X, z8 S/ g$ N
* G; x8 p+ Z3 v) z3 {- u l我们启用了xss和sql注入的过滤,不正常的请求会直接返回403。以php环境为例,新建一个phpinfo.php内容为:# m, F$ x4 r( X
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<?php
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* R# Z. B5 a/ x" D5 a) D在浏览器中访问:
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, h' w8 y1 }- N w5 Z3 q: }1 f8 bhttp://www.52os.net/phpinfo.php?id=1 正常显示。6 B( K2 O0 X6 C2 v0 r
http://www.52os.net/phpinfo.php?id=1 and 1=1 返回403。- l: e) J, c" p$ }
http://www.52os.net/phpinfo.php?search=<scritp>alert('xss');</script> 返回403。) i+ f3 V5 ^1 N8 \* g! ?; k
说明sql注入和xss已经被过滤了
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$ v3 s$ d8 h3 J2 c4 h) D七、安装过程中排错
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1.缺少APXS会报错$ c8 ]9 Z& H2 T8 L* j5 m
5 ^1 Q+ I( | W9 _# nconfigure: looking for Apache module support via DSO through APXS1 _, x- @' p) x8 f- J
configure: error: couldn't find APXS$ J/ f, H+ j3 {- m$ i
apxs是一个为Apache HTTP服务器编译和安装扩展模块的工具,用于编译一个或多个源程序或目标代码文件为动态共享对象。
% p4 v( E! s, R" e! b解决方法:5 q* s1 M9 \' i0 a1 V- z* m
6 v+ v( a4 ?% d& Vyum install httpd-devel1 p1 R9 ^1 k5 o+ N7 ^) C6 n
2.没有pcre K( ^& V% d3 o0 Y* b* S* K. t6 L
0 r* {1 m1 |' p9 a8 X( C4 o/ Mconfigure: *** pcre library not found.
, C: C) }4 K4 T: c3 |9 Mconfigure: error: pcre library is required
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yum install pcre pcre-devel- `6 t/ B; j; }
3.没有libxml24 o- a2 A; D% L0 }$ G% c) n! K
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* v) W, a: ?/ Q, hconfigure: *** xml library not found.
* J$ o# ~% G) Y6 K$ Z: r Tconfigure: error: libxml2 is required
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yum install libxml2 libxml2-devel
( Q O9 t4 P- s5 d; D2 S4.执行 /opt/tengine/sbin/nginx -m 时有警告3 Z2 _" c& \4 c4 T6 A: A* z9 X+ p% P
! l% h+ S1 k4 u8 }) ?$ p# WTengine version: Tengine/2.1.0 (nginx/1.6.2)
, N, F& [$ N7 X" O) T' X; Q$ b3 Fnginx: [warn] ModSecurity: Loaded APR do not match with compiled!
+ C$ Q+ g k' J' k1 v' u/ Z原因:modsecurity编译时和加载时的apr版本不一致造成的,并且会有以下error.log
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2015/01/26 02:04:18 [notice] 29036#0: ModSecurity for nginx (STABLE)/2.8.0 () configured.
2 ?1 Q6 K/ O( g2 e- g2015/01/26 02:04:18 [notice] 29036#0: ModSecurity: APR compiled version="1.5.0"; loaded version="1.3.9"5 H. G( k1 p1 C$ T& J& n9 D" ?# P3 u
2015/01/26 02:04:18 [warn] 29036#0: ModSecurity: Loaded APR do not match with compiled!
) a1 t7 h; H7 Q K9 L2 c2015/01/26 02:04:18 [notice] 29036#0: ModSecurity: PCRE compiled version="7.8 "; loaded version="7.8 2008-09-05"
' p8 v. E" @4 @% h; n t. n* d0 I2015/01/26 02:04:18 [notice] 29036#0: ModSecurity: LIBXML compiled version="2.7.6"
5 k8 ]) w1 `2 b8 C9 S2015/01/26 02:04:18 [notice] 29036#0: Status engine is currently disabled, enable it by set SecStatusEngine to On.$ Q; }& U; f' ]$ n+ ^! p
解决方法,移除低版本的APR (1.3.9)
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3 U$ u7 }2 }9 Ryum remove apr& R! P; \# C" C/ d5 W z% I7 H0 U( A% n! e
5.Error.log中有: Audit log: Failed to lock global mutex
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2015/01/26 04:15:42 [error] 61610#0: [client 10.11.15.161] ModSecurity: Audit log: Failed to lock
6 ~8 b( Y d4 O; ^3 |' |global mutex: Permission denied [hostname ""] [uri "/i.php"] [unique_id "AcAcAcAcAcAcAcA4DcA7AcAc"]6 H; L. J6 G1 E& B1 a
解决方法:& v( Z, U; |6 i, }) I3 a
编辑modsecurity.conf,注释掉默认的SecAuditLogType和SecAuditLog,添加以下内容:
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* V5 l% P5 m" P' QSecAuditLogDirMode 07773 k( O7 Z2 H* y$ \
SecAuditLogFileMode 05503 L S/ `2 K% C2 A: Z" O
SecAuditLogStorageDir /var/log/modsecurity
& A- t1 l. K# `$ Z+ x9 VSecAuditLogType Concurrent7 }. {- ~/ R' k, O
参考文章:, u9 a1 X: y$ f( X/ u
https://github.com/SpiderLabs/ModSecurity/wiki/Reference-Manual#Installation_for_NGINX
& F5 p4 N" G i6 V* V) Bhttp://drops.wooyun.org/tips/2614 |
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