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modsecurity原本是Apache上的一款开源waf,可以有效的增强web安全性,目前已经支持nginx和IIS,配合nginx的灵活和高效,可以打造成生产级的WAF,是保护和审核web安全的利器。- p7 U' X/ W# F: h
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一.准备工作
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0 n( X2 y% |0 E系统:centos 6.5 64位、 tengine 2.1.0, modsecurity 2.8.0
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5 O& N' `/ j: E5 Ttengine : http://tengine.taobao.org/download/tengine-2.1.0.tar.gz
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modsecurity for Nginx: https://www.modsecurity.org/tarball/2.8.0/modsecurity-2.8.0.tar.gz& l4 Z/ P T: i
X' e% W7 r) V! {% J# \OWASP规则集: https://github.com/SpiderLabs/owasp-modsecurity-crs
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/ y- o% r# }9 @& A# d8 P+ C" T/ z依赖关系:
; s' Y5 i5 e7 [ Ctengine(nginx)依赖: pcre 、zlib、 openssl, 这三个包centos 6.5 系统源里都有:
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, T+ d b$ b: y" M( ryum install zlib zlib-devel openssl openssl-devel pcre pcre-devel
6 w7 t& _# c6 z Bmodsecurty依赖的包:pcre httpd-devel libxml2 apr
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yum install httpd-devel apr apr-util-devel apr-devel pcre pcre-devel libxml2 libxml2-devel
" _5 o1 G/ I% Y9 S3 _, P! `二.启用standalone模块并编译
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8 s6 N5 ]* M7 Q下载modsecurity for nginx 解压,进入解压后目录执行:2 y& e3 i" A$ |2 q3 u" d; I
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./autogen.sh# M; c/ F" u" Y( K6 t0 n
./configure --enable-standalone-module --disable-mlogc* g/ d, i3 {4 X# u& a% c$ O
make # n8 Q( h, z N8 m( {
三.nginx添加modsecurity模块
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1 z u7 M2 @5 z, h# \( h; S( v/ I0 |在编译standalone后,nginx编译时可以通过"--add-module"添加modsecurity模块:) K# C/ w9 f, g
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./configure --add-module=/root/modsecurity-2.8.0/nginx/modsecurity/ --prefix=/opt/tengine0 Z+ p F: } x2 C" u+ P. E
make && make install2 X, g7 J5 I/ Q$ J8 v
四.添加规则' h; V3 v+ O. [/ r' Q/ g
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modsecurity倾向于过滤和阻止web危险,之所以强大就在于规则,OWASP提供的规则是于社区志愿者维护的,被称为核心规则CRS(corerules),规则可靠强大,当然也可以自定义规则来满足各种需求。
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1.下载OWASP规则:3 q) Q5 | I3 s5 u
8 r* G" d4 \0 G+ K$ z0 Qgit clone https://github.com/SpiderLabs/owasp-modsecurity-crs
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; v; d7 M" Q' @* c+ s/ vmv owasp-modsecurity-crs /opt/tengine/conf/; h+ N" z t2 u" y9 C0 T) J
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cd /opt/tengine/conf/owasp-modsecurity-crs && mv modsecurity_crs_10_setup.conf.example modsecurity_crs_10_setup.conf
9 v/ J8 \% G* K& c7 M& K2.启用OWASP规则:
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8 s- d: `% s! F( L& Y& O& B- r复制modsecurity源码目录下的modsecurity.conf-recommended和unicode.mapping到nginx的conf目录下,并将modsecurity.conf-recommended重新命名为modsecurity.conf。
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编辑modsecurity.conf 文件,将SecRuleEngine设置为 on
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owasp-modsecurity-crs下有很多存放规则的文件夹,例如base_rules、experimental_rules、optional_rules、slr_rules,里面的规则按需要启用,需要启用的规则使用Include进来即可。
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Include owasp-modsecurity-crs/modsecurity_crs_10_setup.conf( f0 d+ `1 O, b3 b) Q
Include owasp-modsecurity-crs/base_rules/modsecurity_crs_41_sql_injection_attacks.conf" ]( C; l9 L( J1 Q, M. W: c$ `% w
Include owasp-modsecurity-crs/base_rules/modsecurity_crs_41_xss_attacks.conf
- \2 K' p) \0 }3 v# b+ n; VInclude owasp-modsecurity-crs/base_rules/modsecurity_crs_40_generic_attacks.conf* s. `+ V' m* K" j; x) r& m1 J2 ^
Include owasp-modsecurity-crs/experimental_rules/modsecurity_crs_11_dos_protection.conf
' g; y. M J9 k F4 ]4 R/ D B! ~1 EInclude owasp-modsecurity-crs/experimental_rules/modsecurity_crs_11_brute_force.conf1 Z8 J7 [; E( T$ F; M
Include owasp-modsecurity-crs/optional_rules/modsecurity_crs_16_session_hijacking.conf
% I6 O5 O( b3 Z0 u3 @五.配置nginx% L3 H# Z+ y; E* G9 T/ h: V0 S4 o/ B
2 z0 F* _& q( Y; y5 {0 b! a在需要启用modsecurity的主机的location下面加入下面两行即可:6 R. M" f/ D) }8 L9 p
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ModSecurityEnabled on; . j4 l5 E: r8 F3 Q
ModSecurityConfig modsecurity.conf;/ l# @ a8 N' _
下面是两个示例配置,php虚拟主机:$ M8 ?) s6 K+ \, }. W
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server {
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" y$ a- a0 X' O n4 n y' \, } server_name 52os.net www.52os.net;. E6 ^! A$ d; ^; ?
# p) F0 V/ ~0 b3 ]4 ]: e( q' Y location ~ \.php$ {1 Q# K( V0 H7 x0 X, U. G. S% Q
ModSecurityEnabled on;
4 p7 i8 ~( a$ d, C0 e ModSecurityConfig modsecurity.conf;5 k2 T% v; B, J% `2 j, E
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root /web/wordpress;* ~3 @0 J) d5 M# e0 O
index index.php index.html index.htm;
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fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;1 |( e9 d2 o" [1 D! c" M' ] t
fastcgi_index index.php;
3 `7 t K1 ^, R fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $Document_root$fastcgi_script_name;* ~% Z1 w% ]) C( k
include fastcgi_params;
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# p3 T# }0 {6 _% x1 E! u1 Jupstream负载均衡:
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5 }/ W5 K9 `. F/ y- P: lupstream 52os.net {! R. _9 m0 ]9 U
server 192.168.1.100:8080;
`6 _6 i; J7 l7 q3 |7 }' Z server 192.168.1.101:8080 backup;
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server {& b. e$ v+ I% Q' ]
listen 80;- i, p0 B" J. V, X; l
server_name 52os.net www.52os.net;3 q4 u: u; z4 c: G p8 G
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location / {, P9 G* h: n2 c0 B
ModSecurityEnabled on;
( g) [, j# ?; \6 q; D, F2 D! Y ModSecurityConfig modsecurity.conf;
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3 K) J1 n. ^+ w5 w7 Y1 w: X proxy_pass http://online;
: S- q Z+ i7 B: e% B proxy_redirect off;
) w+ |) @% i) M$ `3 V9 I proxy_set_header Host $host;' W1 W' T9 u( F: }
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;) a' p2 c# ^$ T+ w
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
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六.测试, ^4 S# t' J) D
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我们启用了xss和sql注入的过滤,不正常的请求会直接返回403。以php环境为例,新建一个phpinfo.php内容为:& W. P5 R1 l8 ?3 g2 @! |$ b
# P* o4 t0 L; J5 C* J9 N: F<?php# d f+ Q$ l5 o2 G
phpinfo();
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在浏览器中访问:" N ?2 N, i" C" ]9 Z: B
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http://www.52os.net/phpinfo.php?id=1 正常显示。
. W3 |. n8 ~8 P2 o# h% @4 lhttp://www.52os.net/phpinfo.php?id=1 and 1=1 返回403。
, }8 N/ R6 M1 J& U( k: C4 whttp://www.52os.net/phpinfo.php?search=<scritp>alert('xss');</script> 返回403。
& u4 t8 V* j6 ?4 Z8 U1 X7 S$ b, m说明sql注入和xss已经被过滤了3 @2 ^; E6 R) k. h: j
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七、安装过程中排错) L! K4 H% n7 P+ V, X
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1.缺少APXS会报错
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( s' F( h' j0 J3 k4 c5 hconfigure: looking for Apache module support via DSO through APXS
" `7 G1 J$ c$ R5 E# [configure: error: couldn't find APXS. E' a M2 M4 D, [- i, c5 }
apxs是一个为Apache HTTP服务器编译和安装扩展模块的工具,用于编译一个或多个源程序或目标代码文件为动态共享对象。
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yum install httpd-devel
3 K( \ P5 g' m. e2.没有pcre3 U' I# S1 g% J: _/ t
3 o1 r* v! J& T; Mconfigure: *** pcre library not found.
2 E8 X4 o8 p6 l/ Z. Fconfigure: error: pcre library is required. ]) g1 o: T* E0 J3 b
解决方法:
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2 ^9 y$ b+ k* ?3 w; E7 Q4 d1 gyum install pcre pcre-devel, B1 Q$ T3 @7 z% h- E( u4 ]
3.没有libxml2( M* n8 c- a# s" E2 Y7 z& R" P
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configure: *** xml library not found.2 l! F. u! ?7 N- O! H
configure: error: libxml2 is required
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" ~) g8 r9 n& w* Y8 `' K+ c* w4 [yum install libxml2 libxml2-devel
: a* h! D/ O; `! M3 q" l9 G; l( x4.执行 /opt/tengine/sbin/nginx -m 时有警告
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Tengine version: Tengine/2.1.0 (nginx/1.6.2)
( p/ H7 D5 K N0 K- f) f! knginx: [warn] ModSecurity: Loaded APR do not match with compiled!1 E4 Y8 F# W4 h3 V2 u$ K; D
原因:modsecurity编译时和加载时的apr版本不一致造成的,并且会有以下error.log
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0 U% X6 {( y1 Y9 t2015/01/26 02:04:18 [notice] 29036#0: ModSecurity for nginx (STABLE)/2.8.0 () configured.! h& f. `8 L3 l0 m! m2 `
2015/01/26 02:04:18 [notice] 29036#0: ModSecurity: APR compiled version="1.5.0"; loaded version="1.3.9"
# U% E8 O: I# B/ t3 Q9 }* \* u9 E4 Q2015/01/26 02:04:18 [warn] 29036#0: ModSecurity: Loaded APR do not match with compiled!
. ~+ {/ H+ z; S! i0 R. Z8 _0 W2015/01/26 02:04:18 [notice] 29036#0: ModSecurity: PCRE compiled version="7.8 "; loaded version="7.8 2008-09-05"8 u+ H: Y7 J9 {! @( Z
2015/01/26 02:04:18 [notice] 29036#0: ModSecurity: LIBXML compiled version="2.7.6"
$ F i$ o7 Z6 n2 l+ I" @2015/01/26 02:04:18 [notice] 29036#0: Status engine is currently disabled, enable it by set SecStatusEngine to On.
) D* {7 U% Z! O) I$ E解决方法,移除低版本的APR (1.3.9)" Z. T8 |: b0 z5 S/ f5 x
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yum remove apr
. V0 ]( `2 {9 V+ ?; D7 X& q% G5.Error.log中有: Audit log: Failed to lock global mutex
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7 c9 V; n9 M# i7 E# j2015/01/26 04:15:42 [error] 61610#0: [client 10.11.15.161] ModSecurity: Audit log: Failed to lock $ a- [7 P1 E( c
global mutex: Permission denied [hostname ""] [uri "/i.php"] [unique_id "AcAcAcAcAcAcAcA4DcA7AcAc"]) t. q( w" H; Y% _$ m7 E& D5 D$ n; \
解决方法:
7 u0 ]; S% N: K编辑modsecurity.conf,注释掉默认的SecAuditLogType和SecAuditLog,添加以下内容:$ N9 ], P o3 ~$ G
8 J9 {* s1 M, W! l) d4 \/ k. rSecAuditLogDirMode 0777' C+ |3 V5 h! j" T5 y
SecAuditLogFileMode 05507 U+ V( C* ^9 {6 |
SecAuditLogStorageDir /var/log/modsecurity5 ~: x) i1 Z% I2 s' v
SecAuditLogType Concurrent
4 S2 Q, \7 ?& h6 @7 m/ S# A参考文章:$ |# ?$ b5 V) l' F) t
https://github.com/SpiderLabs/ModSecurity/wiki/Reference-Manual#Installation_for_NGINX1 b; r( ?/ r7 j: X7 A+ \( y) c7 G* B
http://drops.wooyun.org/tips/2614 |
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