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modsecurity原本是Apache上的一款开源waf,可以有效的增强web安全性,目前已经支持nginx和IIS,配合nginx的灵活和高效,可以打造成生产级的WAF,是保护和审核web安全的利器。9 H7 _& B9 }( g0 h. L6 B
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一.准备工作1 v5 G3 Z) W3 [1 g, T. i; C
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系统:centos 6.5 64位、 tengine 2.1.0, modsecurity 2.8.0$ L7 J$ i$ s% m& ?2 V% ~( S$ P
9 L' G) f. m! W+ ftengine : http://tengine.taobao.org/download/tengine-2.1.0.tar.gz
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modsecurity for Nginx: https://www.modsecurity.org/tarball/2.8.0/modsecurity-2.8.0.tar.gz
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OWASP规则集: https://github.com/SpiderLabs/owasp-modsecurity-crs' u, t J) s& k
c$ k2 ^1 }0 z& d3 R1 O5 ?依赖关系:) t2 d7 P7 d" W! W( e; R8 |! g
tengine(nginx)依赖: pcre 、zlib、 openssl, 这三个包centos 6.5 系统源里都有:
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0 B) S. J v3 E. V0 Ryum install zlib zlib-devel openssl openssl-devel pcre pcre-devel
" W9 n6 \4 W: h; |modsecurty依赖的包:pcre httpd-devel libxml2 apr
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yum install httpd-devel apr apr-util-devel apr-devel pcre pcre-devel libxml2 libxml2-devel
" r! y9 I u5 z" R6 o* |) ?1 Y6 ]二.启用standalone模块并编译. \; l7 S' Y+ a( t1 N
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下载modsecurity for nginx 解压,进入解压后目录执行:
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3 ~ h% g( @" e. ^% \7 V# _: O./autogen.sh
$ s7 x2 J' D/ k, A: [/ Q./configure --enable-standalone-module --disable-mlogc
# ]( `2 V- M1 ?9 s9 tmake + G. m: B" o8 T9 M( H9 c
三.nginx添加modsecurity模块9 E7 d q/ f- a$ N$ |+ |; n
2 Y+ Q$ U2 I# S: o% W在编译standalone后,nginx编译时可以通过"--add-module"添加modsecurity模块:+ T q( a0 G. f, v6 H/ S
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./configure --add-module=/root/modsecurity-2.8.0/nginx/modsecurity/ --prefix=/opt/tengine6 S# T1 }# H) f, z, ?# T9 ]6 w
make && make install, K3 z g, q3 S& |8 L
四.添加规则
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1 T0 N. _$ m* j; S: Q4 q! }. umodsecurity倾向于过滤和阻止web危险,之所以强大就在于规则,OWASP提供的规则是于社区志愿者维护的,被称为核心规则CRS(corerules),规则可靠强大,当然也可以自定义规则来满足各种需求。0 i% R* ^: Z0 A2 \
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1.下载OWASP规则:8 o* ~7 L6 g( Y* P' q4 |& X# k, t$ I
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git clone https://github.com/SpiderLabs/owasp-modsecurity-crs; j5 Z; M" \, q! k7 t" R
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mv owasp-modsecurity-crs /opt/tengine/conf/
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cd /opt/tengine/conf/owasp-modsecurity-crs && mv modsecurity_crs_10_setup.conf.example modsecurity_crs_10_setup.conf/ P- l2 E; t) c) f+ U
2.启用OWASP规则:7 ^* P& E! M( F, |' w, @. U
1 B% D x* |% x' L7 s0 d5 D复制modsecurity源码目录下的modsecurity.conf-recommended和unicode.mapping到nginx的conf目录下,并将modsecurity.conf-recommended重新命名为modsecurity.conf。. z' C# I4 t/ d' y; G
& y( p+ I. W7 g3 b& }# [/ [编辑modsecurity.conf 文件,将SecRuleEngine设置为 on
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owasp-modsecurity-crs下有很多存放规则的文件夹,例如base_rules、experimental_rules、optional_rules、slr_rules,里面的规则按需要启用,需要启用的规则使用Include进来即可。* r" C* b& P1 Z9 ~6 z1 D
. r" E& g( S) O) j! e+ XInclude owasp-modsecurity-crs/modsecurity_crs_10_setup.conf! s7 C1 s: f$ f1 W* g* D
Include owasp-modsecurity-crs/base_rules/modsecurity_crs_41_sql_injection_attacks.conf
3 |0 L, I, A1 ~& Z" l/ \) D& h8 ~Include owasp-modsecurity-crs/base_rules/modsecurity_crs_41_xss_attacks.conf. Z* o# d$ \) f3 y" y9 W, @
Include owasp-modsecurity-crs/base_rules/modsecurity_crs_40_generic_attacks.conf. V" _6 o- W5 p) U# {* u
Include owasp-modsecurity-crs/experimental_rules/modsecurity_crs_11_dos_protection.conf
7 ?9 k3 R" y ]2 e2 d @9 vInclude owasp-modsecurity-crs/experimental_rules/modsecurity_crs_11_brute_force.conf0 |# o0 N; M# @& v5 v+ z
Include owasp-modsecurity-crs/optional_rules/modsecurity_crs_16_session_hijacking.conf
! D5 Y0 M2 |2 G( ~0 p* s五.配置nginx
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在需要启用modsecurity的主机的location下面加入下面两行即可:
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; l) h& k, q& l, b6 NModSecurityEnabled on;
) k4 b6 p: j% c+ b5 t( }+ H! _& ^; wModSecurityConfig modsecurity.conf;
4 a. t* c: n: q3 Q下面是两个示例配置,php虚拟主机:5 L* q3 u0 P0 D" w0 n2 d
3 S. q. O1 O+ |' y; E5 l0 B* p, e) t* gserver {
$ L. p8 v$ T; Z! n listen 80;" E( w7 z* ?- R' |" O
server_name 52os.net www.52os.net;
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6 D L& a7 ]& |* C location ~ \.php$ {
: x3 N: E0 C6 q }" g, b; Z ModSecurityEnabled on;
. ^5 D* N' R$ @' i2 m ModSecurityConfig modsecurity.conf;1 Z2 W# h3 e8 F* Z& w' z6 n" y
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root /web/wordpress;
5 O4 z& L. c7 e4 ^- j3 k index index.php index.html index.htm;0 Q% F$ C: s4 B$ [ I
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fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;4 s, O1 a: V9 Q* G6 Z) W
fastcgi_index index.php;
1 g& x8 v" s# W9 A- U fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $Document_root$fastcgi_script_name;' Q7 a7 Q4 I7 W$ q- t$ w
include fastcgi_params;& Q) D7 W* D/ `" l! ^. E
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}
& I7 @2 e/ X0 U- bupstream负载均衡:, `# O) o9 |6 Q$ z+ R# x, \
6 D+ ?' `8 W* M) k! Uupstream 52os.net {5 i* C: Z" i7 {5 P# e! t0 R( X
server 192.168.1.100:8080; Y. s8 a6 r }8 F- I; m
server 192.168.1.101:8080 backup;
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- v/ d. e) S- w, E( U4 j5 M! vserver {2 M& O: s( M. E3 {
listen 80;# v1 F# Z. N/ F+ i
server_name 52os.net www.52os.net;
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/ K/ c, i/ \; w @# V4 ?! @) G: Elocation / {
6 N) r+ g( Y7 q+ T3 O4 p- @ ModSecurityEnabled on; 6 q% g2 M2 |/ f, p
ModSecurityConfig modsecurity.conf;
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% \* D: {; b+ l$ N S" ~( R# C proxy_pass http://online;
5 Z" W. ?, G: h! D proxy_redirect off;
+ J \( |( R, L. Q4 J* k proxy_set_header Host $host;
9 R( M+ z! Z& V& s/ t proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;9 v- D3 o/ r5 o7 F
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
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六.测试
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我们启用了xss和sql注入的过滤,不正常的请求会直接返回403。以php环境为例,新建一个phpinfo.php内容为:5 z2 E: @) [, [ N* @0 N1 l) k* t
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<?php$ A# V$ s& f: v b* A7 a4 O6 s
phpinfo();
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. \6 [: W' z1 X! d; `在浏览器中访问:
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http://www.52os.net/phpinfo.php?id=1 正常显示。- N4 N$ {7 [: y6 ?& [
http://www.52os.net/phpinfo.php?id=1 and 1=1 返回403。
1 g4 [2 O. ~2 P/ c# x! \http://www.52os.net/phpinfo.php?search=<scritp>alert('xss');</script> 返回403。
* M9 T8 z( M* R5 @: ^; Z. ]说明sql注入和xss已经被过滤了
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七、安装过程中排错0 R/ A! _" v; D9 a+ h' ^$ y% ~4 J
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1.缺少APXS会报错
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6 R. w. K: v. Nconfigure: looking for Apache module support via DSO through APXS# h" W7 N( Q4 g+ Q
configure: error: couldn't find APXS/ E6 A4 V K( y! ?) H7 u% I6 k# D
apxs是一个为Apache HTTP服务器编译和安装扩展模块的工具,用于编译一个或多个源程序或目标代码文件为动态共享对象。
) E5 U5 y5 Q! V0 @解决方法:
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yum install httpd-devel5 ~, U2 B; f0 O/ w. ?& ?9 I
2.没有pcre3 h9 N( u$ R# l3 X& B
3 L: A( p, }2 j# gconfigure: *** pcre library not found.5 K) B4 }' l6 p
configure: error: pcre library is required( Q" r8 G7 L& n" P7 A0 f' u5 i7 e
解决方法:6 p8 ?% O4 E$ y! G2 h0 } F
+ D0 U) n" ]2 ?. p$ X; x7 Myum install pcre pcre-devel
# b$ [/ F; X+ C3 Z0 |% k: J5 w3.没有libxml29 z% y0 V+ L3 s2 y
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- N2 g( n6 r+ P! D( f" Uconfigure: *** xml library not found." V$ j5 _9 n0 |+ K, r
configure: error: libxml2 is required
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/ _0 t8 X8 s# H6 L7 Zyum install libxml2 libxml2-devel! E) w. L( K; b4 o8 B" m
4.执行 /opt/tengine/sbin/nginx -m 时有警告. O8 P. N. e0 ?9 c8 }
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Tengine version: Tengine/2.1.0 (nginx/1.6.2)/ N7 f5 C/ a- |# F
nginx: [warn] ModSecurity: Loaded APR do not match with compiled!
) Z% c& `$ p( \4 g原因:modsecurity编译时和加载时的apr版本不一致造成的,并且会有以下error.log
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& x1 C6 G7 K B/ {0 R- w: C2015/01/26 02:04:18 [notice] 29036#0: ModSecurity for nginx (STABLE)/2.8.0 () configured.) I f5 o( s3 P* `" `. u
2015/01/26 02:04:18 [notice] 29036#0: ModSecurity: APR compiled version="1.5.0"; loaded version="1.3.9"/ t# O6 ~8 s8 n! ]
2015/01/26 02:04:18 [warn] 29036#0: ModSecurity: Loaded APR do not match with compiled!4 J! S; l0 P& @6 ~1 V
2015/01/26 02:04:18 [notice] 29036#0: ModSecurity: PCRE compiled version="7.8 "; loaded version="7.8 2008-09-05" x# a0 l) {' A
2015/01/26 02:04:18 [notice] 29036#0: ModSecurity: LIBXML compiled version="2.7.6"+ A1 s n X2 Y
2015/01/26 02:04:18 [notice] 29036#0: Status engine is currently disabled, enable it by set SecStatusEngine to On.
8 f2 y6 o8 N6 i' U' E7 R8 n解决方法,移除低版本的APR (1.3.9)
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# H3 c- t: _6 V% ^9 Q3 }' Wyum remove apr3 p% W, b" ^! U, c: L8 y) _3 u5 J
5.Error.log中有: Audit log: Failed to lock global mutex
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2015/01/26 04:15:42 [error] 61610#0: [client 10.11.15.161] ModSecurity: Audit log: Failed to lock * P) t- D" v* v$ J8 H# S; k
global mutex: Permission denied [hostname ""] [uri "/i.php"] [unique_id "AcAcAcAcAcAcAcA4DcA7AcAc"]9 Z% p4 a0 C5 L! N% P' m. H8 S0 g0 O
解决方法:7 X5 o! H) J1 k
编辑modsecurity.conf,注释掉默认的SecAuditLogType和SecAuditLog,添加以下内容:
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y+ f8 I* ^) f9 m0 bSecAuditLogDirMode 0777
: Z9 t, n- \9 V4 }8 x {SecAuditLogFileMode 0550% _4 T7 a5 e* ]+ [+ n. P
SecAuditLogStorageDir /var/log/modsecurity
: x3 Q) O! ?1 h, `/ d, u4 w3 Y- KSecAuditLogType Concurrent8 P: Y! t# }- U! c9 c& \ }. j
参考文章:( b0 S8 i! \9 F$ F$ f+ `
https://github.com/SpiderLabs/ModSecurity/wiki/Reference-Manual#Installation_for_NGINX
7 n2 k7 Y D* `9 y' @* Z4 k4 m( zhttp://drops.wooyun.org/tips/2614 |
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